Clinical and histopathological investigation of the possible occurrence of tracheobronchial disease in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis
IntroductionFeline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a debilitating and highly painful inflammatory disorder of the feline oral cavity. Evidence suggests that feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) induces systemic effects that extend beyond localized oral pathology, contributing to overall healt...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1624016/full |
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| author | Olga Lorida Alexandros Konstantinidis Georgia D. Brellou Georgia Koutouzidou Paraskevi Papadopoulou Apostolos Matiakis Katerina K. Adamama-Moraitou Serafeim Papadimitriou |
| author_facet | Olga Lorida Alexandros Konstantinidis Georgia D. Brellou Georgia Koutouzidou Paraskevi Papadopoulou Apostolos Matiakis Katerina K. Adamama-Moraitou Serafeim Papadimitriou |
| author_sort | Olga Lorida |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionFeline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a debilitating and highly painful inflammatory disorder of the feline oral cavity. Evidence suggests that feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) induces systemic effects that extend beyond localized oral pathology, contributing to overall health decline in affected cats. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential impact of FCGS on the lower respiratory tract.MethodsThis is a prospective study, that included 42 cats with clinical signs of FCGS and five healthy control cats exhibiting no signs of oral disease. All cats underwent physical, oral, and endoscopic examinations of the lower respiratory tract. Radiological evaluation of the thorax was also performed. Lesions in the respiratory tract detected upon endoscopy and the oral cavity were recorded and scored. In cats with FCGS biopsies from bronchial mucosa were obtained from sites showing endoscopic evidence of inflammation.ResultsRespiratory lesions were identified in all FCGS cats included in the study. Specifically, secretions were detected in 42 out of 42 (100%) cats, bronchial mucosal edema in 33 out of 42 (78.6%), a granular appearance in 14 out of 42 (33.3%), and hyperemia in 11 out of 42 (26.2%). Histopathological examination revealed mucosal and submucosal inflammation in 30 out of 36 (83.3%) cats and mucosal edema in 25 out of 36 (69.4%). Additionally, fibrosis was observed in 25 out of 36 (69.4%) samples, hyperplasia, or dilatation of bronchial glands in eight out of 36 (22.2%), and vascular wall thickening in 11 out of 36 (30.5%). Bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy was present in 22 out of 36 (61.1%) examined samples. An attempt to correlate oral and respiratory lesion severity found no statistically significant correlation between stomatitis index, tracheobronchoscopy, or histopathological scores.DiscussionFCGS appears to coexist with lower respiratory tract disease. During FCGS management, it might be essential to address any underlying respiratory disorder, as it may favor the outcome of the primary disease, while remaining unattended it may increase the likelihood of FCGS recurrence. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0d338134feae4e1096e0d3f0b1f1c444 |
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| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-0d338134feae4e1096e0d3f0b1f1c4442025-08-20T02:22:02ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-06-011210.3389/fvets.2025.16240161624016Clinical and histopathological investigation of the possible occurrence of tracheobronchial disease in cats with chronic gingivostomatitisOlga Lorida0Alexandros Konstantinidis1Georgia D. Brellou2Georgia Koutouzidou3Paraskevi Papadopoulou4Apostolos Matiakis5Katerina K. Adamama-Moraitou6Serafeim Papadimitriou7Companion Animal Clinic, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GreeceCompanion Animal Clinic, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Florina, GreeceLaboratory of Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Oral Medicine and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GreeceCompanion Animal Clinic, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GreeceCompanion Animal Clinic, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GreeceIntroductionFeline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a debilitating and highly painful inflammatory disorder of the feline oral cavity. Evidence suggests that feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) induces systemic effects that extend beyond localized oral pathology, contributing to overall health decline in affected cats. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential impact of FCGS on the lower respiratory tract.MethodsThis is a prospective study, that included 42 cats with clinical signs of FCGS and five healthy control cats exhibiting no signs of oral disease. All cats underwent physical, oral, and endoscopic examinations of the lower respiratory tract. Radiological evaluation of the thorax was also performed. Lesions in the respiratory tract detected upon endoscopy and the oral cavity were recorded and scored. In cats with FCGS biopsies from bronchial mucosa were obtained from sites showing endoscopic evidence of inflammation.ResultsRespiratory lesions were identified in all FCGS cats included in the study. Specifically, secretions were detected in 42 out of 42 (100%) cats, bronchial mucosal edema in 33 out of 42 (78.6%), a granular appearance in 14 out of 42 (33.3%), and hyperemia in 11 out of 42 (26.2%). Histopathological examination revealed mucosal and submucosal inflammation in 30 out of 36 (83.3%) cats and mucosal edema in 25 out of 36 (69.4%). Additionally, fibrosis was observed in 25 out of 36 (69.4%) samples, hyperplasia, or dilatation of bronchial glands in eight out of 36 (22.2%), and vascular wall thickening in 11 out of 36 (30.5%). Bronchial smooth muscle hypertrophy was present in 22 out of 36 (61.1%) examined samples. An attempt to correlate oral and respiratory lesion severity found no statistically significant correlation between stomatitis index, tracheobronchoscopy, or histopathological scores.DiscussionFCGS appears to coexist with lower respiratory tract disease. During FCGS management, it might be essential to address any underlying respiratory disorder, as it may favor the outcome of the primary disease, while remaining unattended it may increase the likelihood of FCGS recurrence.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1624016/fulloral inflammatory diseasefeline chronic gingivostomatitistracheobronchial diseasebronchial secretionslower respiratory tract |
| spellingShingle | Olga Lorida Alexandros Konstantinidis Georgia D. Brellou Georgia Koutouzidou Paraskevi Papadopoulou Apostolos Matiakis Katerina K. Adamama-Moraitou Serafeim Papadimitriou Clinical and histopathological investigation of the possible occurrence of tracheobronchial disease in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis Frontiers in Veterinary Science oral inflammatory disease feline chronic gingivostomatitis tracheobronchial disease bronchial secretions lower respiratory tract |
| title | Clinical and histopathological investigation of the possible occurrence of tracheobronchial disease in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis |
| title_full | Clinical and histopathological investigation of the possible occurrence of tracheobronchial disease in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis |
| title_fullStr | Clinical and histopathological investigation of the possible occurrence of tracheobronchial disease in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clinical and histopathological investigation of the possible occurrence of tracheobronchial disease in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis |
| title_short | Clinical and histopathological investigation of the possible occurrence of tracheobronchial disease in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis |
| title_sort | clinical and histopathological investigation of the possible occurrence of tracheobronchial disease in cats with chronic gingivostomatitis |
| topic | oral inflammatory disease feline chronic gingivostomatitis tracheobronchial disease bronchial secretions lower respiratory tract |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1624016/full |
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