Fungal Pathogens of Peach Palm Leaf Spot in Thailand and Their Fungicide Sensitivity
Peach palm (<i>Bactris gasipaes</i> Kunth) is a long-lived tropical palm valued for its edible, nutritious fruits. The cultivation area of peach palm, which was introduced to Thailand for fruit production, has been steadily expanding. Small brown spots that expanded into irregular lesion...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Prisana Wonglom Nakarin Suwannarach Jaturong Kumla Anurag Sunpapao |
| author_facet | Prisana Wonglom Nakarin Suwannarach Jaturong Kumla Anurag Sunpapao |
| author_sort | Prisana Wonglom |
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| description | Peach palm (<i>Bactris gasipaes</i> Kunth) is a long-lived tropical palm valued for its edible, nutritious fruits. The cultivation area of peach palm, which was introduced to Thailand for fruit production, has been steadily expanding. Small brown spots that expanded into irregular lesions with dark margins were first observed on <i>B. gasipaes</i> seedlings in commercial nurseries in Phetchaburi Province, southern Thailand. To identify the causal pathogens, ten fungal isolates were obtained from symptomatic leaves and subjected to pathogenicity tests, confirming their ability to cause the disease. Morphological and molecular analyses identified five isolates as <i>Colletotrichum fructicola</i> (BGC02.2, BGC03) and <i>C. theobromicola</i> (BGC01, BGC02.1, BGC04) and five isolates as <i>Fusarium pernambucanum</i> (BGF01, BGF02, BGF03, BGF04.1, BGF04.2). Phylogenetic analysis was based on <i>act</i>, <i>cal</i>, <i>gapdh</i>, ITS, and <i>tub2</i> regions for <i>Colletotrichum</i> spp. and <i>cal</i>, <i>rpb2</i>, and <i>tef1-α</i> for <i>Fusarium</i> spp. In vitro fungicide assays revealed that <i>C. fructicola</i> and <i>C. theobromicola</i> were the most sensitive to carbendazim, mancozeb, and prochloraz, while <i>F. pernambucanum</i> was effectively inhibited by mancozeb and prochloraz. This study represents the first report of <i>C. fructicola</i>, <i>C. theobromicola</i>, and <i>F. pernambucanum</i> causing leaf spot disease on <i>B. gasipaes</i> in Thailand, providing essential insights for disease management strategies in the region. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-0d27ceda66e142e78b2936cfda994ae72025-08-20T03:13:52ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2025-04-0111431810.3390/jof11040318Fungal Pathogens of Peach Palm Leaf Spot in Thailand and Their Fungicide SensitivityPrisana Wonglom0Nakarin Suwannarach1Jaturong Kumla2Anurag Sunpapao3Faculty of Technology and Community Development, Thaksin University, Phatthalung Campus, Pa Payom District, Phatthalung 93110, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandAgricultural Innovation and Management Division (Pest Management), Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, ThailandPeach palm (<i>Bactris gasipaes</i> Kunth) is a long-lived tropical palm valued for its edible, nutritious fruits. The cultivation area of peach palm, which was introduced to Thailand for fruit production, has been steadily expanding. Small brown spots that expanded into irregular lesions with dark margins were first observed on <i>B. gasipaes</i> seedlings in commercial nurseries in Phetchaburi Province, southern Thailand. To identify the causal pathogens, ten fungal isolates were obtained from symptomatic leaves and subjected to pathogenicity tests, confirming their ability to cause the disease. Morphological and molecular analyses identified five isolates as <i>Colletotrichum fructicola</i> (BGC02.2, BGC03) and <i>C. theobromicola</i> (BGC01, BGC02.1, BGC04) and five isolates as <i>Fusarium pernambucanum</i> (BGF01, BGF02, BGF03, BGF04.1, BGF04.2). Phylogenetic analysis was based on <i>act</i>, <i>cal</i>, <i>gapdh</i>, ITS, and <i>tub2</i> regions for <i>Colletotrichum</i> spp. and <i>cal</i>, <i>rpb2</i>, and <i>tef1-α</i> for <i>Fusarium</i> spp. In vitro fungicide assays revealed that <i>C. fructicola</i> and <i>C. theobromicola</i> were the most sensitive to carbendazim, mancozeb, and prochloraz, while <i>F. pernambucanum</i> was effectively inhibited by mancozeb and prochloraz. This study represents the first report of <i>C. fructicola</i>, <i>C. theobromicola</i>, and <i>F. pernambucanum</i> causing leaf spot disease on <i>B. gasipaes</i> in Thailand, providing essential insights for disease management strategies in the region.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/4/318emerging diseaseleaf spotpeach palmsynthetic fungicides |
| spellingShingle | Prisana Wonglom Nakarin Suwannarach Jaturong Kumla Anurag Sunpapao Fungal Pathogens of Peach Palm Leaf Spot in Thailand and Their Fungicide Sensitivity Journal of Fungi emerging disease leaf spot peach palm synthetic fungicides |
| title | Fungal Pathogens of Peach Palm Leaf Spot in Thailand and Their Fungicide Sensitivity |
| title_full | Fungal Pathogens of Peach Palm Leaf Spot in Thailand and Their Fungicide Sensitivity |
| title_fullStr | Fungal Pathogens of Peach Palm Leaf Spot in Thailand and Their Fungicide Sensitivity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fungal Pathogens of Peach Palm Leaf Spot in Thailand and Their Fungicide Sensitivity |
| title_short | Fungal Pathogens of Peach Palm Leaf Spot in Thailand and Their Fungicide Sensitivity |
| title_sort | fungal pathogens of peach palm leaf spot in thailand and their fungicide sensitivity |
| topic | emerging disease leaf spot peach palm synthetic fungicides |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/11/4/318 |
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