A Comparison of Approaches for Motion Artifact Removal from Wireless Mobile EEG During Overground Running

Electroencephalography (EEG) is the only brain imaging method light enough and with the temporal precision to assess electrocortical dynamics during human locomotion. However, head motion during whole-body movements produces artifacts that contaminate the EEG and reduces ICA decomposition quality. W...

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Main Authors: Patrick S. Ledwidge, Carly N. McPherson, Lily Faulkenberg, Alexander Morgan, Gordon C. Baylis
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-08-01
Series:Sensors
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4810
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author Patrick S. Ledwidge
Carly N. McPherson
Lily Faulkenberg
Alexander Morgan
Gordon C. Baylis
author_facet Patrick S. Ledwidge
Carly N. McPherson
Lily Faulkenberg
Alexander Morgan
Gordon C. Baylis
author_sort Patrick S. Ledwidge
collection DOAJ
description Electroencephalography (EEG) is the only brain imaging method light enough and with the temporal precision to assess electrocortical dynamics during human locomotion. However, head motion during whole-body movements produces artifacts that contaminate the EEG and reduces ICA decomposition quality. We compared commonly used motion artifact removal approaches for reducing the motion artifact from the EEG during running and identifying stimulus-locked ERP components during an adapted flanker task. EEG was recorded from young adults during dynamic jogging and static standing versions of the Flanker task. Motion artifact removal approaches were evaluated based on their ICA’s component dipolarity, power changes at the gait frequency and harmonics, and ability to capture the expected P300 ERP congruency effect. Preprocessing the EEG using either iCanClean with pseudo-reference noise signals or artifact subspace reconstruction (ASR) led to the recovery of more dipolar brain independent components. In our analyses, iCanClean was somewhat more effective than ASR. Power was significantly reduced at the gait frequency after preprocessing with ASR and iCanClean. Finally, preprocessing using ASR and iCanClean also produced ERP components similar in latency to those identified in the standing flanker task. The expected greater P300 amplitude to incongruent flankers was identified when preprocessing using iCanClean. ASR and iCanClean may provide effective preprocessing methods for reducing motion artifacts in human locomotion studies during running.
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spelling doaj-art-0d18b97391034d64bc4be9b28c95bda52025-08-20T03:02:56ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202025-08-012515481010.3390/s25154810A Comparison of Approaches for Motion Artifact Removal from Wireless Mobile EEG During Overground RunningPatrick S. Ledwidge0Carly N. McPherson1Lily Faulkenberg2Alexander Morgan3Gordon C. Baylis4Department of Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, KY 42101, USADepartment of Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, KY 42101, USADepartment of Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, KY 42101, USADepartment of Allied Health, Sport & Wellness, Baldwin Wallace University, 275 Eastland Rd., Berea, OH 44017, USADepartment of Psychological Sciences, Western Kentucky University, 1906 College Heights Blvd., Bowling Green, KY 42101, USAElectroencephalography (EEG) is the only brain imaging method light enough and with the temporal precision to assess electrocortical dynamics during human locomotion. However, head motion during whole-body movements produces artifacts that contaminate the EEG and reduces ICA decomposition quality. We compared commonly used motion artifact removal approaches for reducing the motion artifact from the EEG during running and identifying stimulus-locked ERP components during an adapted flanker task. EEG was recorded from young adults during dynamic jogging and static standing versions of the Flanker task. Motion artifact removal approaches were evaluated based on their ICA’s component dipolarity, power changes at the gait frequency and harmonics, and ability to capture the expected P300 ERP congruency effect. Preprocessing the EEG using either iCanClean with pseudo-reference noise signals or artifact subspace reconstruction (ASR) led to the recovery of more dipolar brain independent components. In our analyses, iCanClean was somewhat more effective than ASR. Power was significantly reduced at the gait frequency after preprocessing with ASR and iCanClean. Finally, preprocessing using ASR and iCanClean also produced ERP components similar in latency to those identified in the standing flanker task. The expected greater P300 amplitude to incongruent flankers was identified when preprocessing using iCanClean. ASR and iCanClean may provide effective preprocessing methods for reducing motion artifacts in human locomotion studies during running.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4810electroencephalography (EEG)event-related potentials (ERP)mobile brain imagingsignal processingindependent components analysis (ICA)
spellingShingle Patrick S. Ledwidge
Carly N. McPherson
Lily Faulkenberg
Alexander Morgan
Gordon C. Baylis
A Comparison of Approaches for Motion Artifact Removal from Wireless Mobile EEG During Overground Running
Sensors
electroencephalography (EEG)
event-related potentials (ERP)
mobile brain imaging
signal processing
independent components analysis (ICA)
title A Comparison of Approaches for Motion Artifact Removal from Wireless Mobile EEG During Overground Running
title_full A Comparison of Approaches for Motion Artifact Removal from Wireless Mobile EEG During Overground Running
title_fullStr A Comparison of Approaches for Motion Artifact Removal from Wireless Mobile EEG During Overground Running
title_full_unstemmed A Comparison of Approaches for Motion Artifact Removal from Wireless Mobile EEG During Overground Running
title_short A Comparison of Approaches for Motion Artifact Removal from Wireless Mobile EEG During Overground Running
title_sort comparison of approaches for motion artifact removal from wireless mobile eeg during overground running
topic electroencephalography (EEG)
event-related potentials (ERP)
mobile brain imaging
signal processing
independent components analysis (ICA)
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/25/15/4810
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