A New Pyrrole Alkaloid from <i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. var. <i>palmera</i> Grown in La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)

<i>Capsicum annuum</i>, commonly known as pepper, is a widely cultivated crop valued for its nutritional and economic significance. Among its varieties, the small red bell pepper, locally known as “<i>pimienta palmera</i>”, is a unique cultivar from La Palma in the Canary Isl...

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Main Authors: Jesús G. Díaz, María A. de Buergo, David Díaz Díaz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Molbank
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1422-8599/2025/1/M1950
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author Jesús G. Díaz
María A. de Buergo
David Díaz Díaz
author_facet Jesús G. Díaz
María A. de Buergo
David Díaz Díaz
author_sort Jesús G. Díaz
collection DOAJ
description <i>Capsicum annuum</i>, commonly known as pepper, is a widely cultivated crop valued for its nutritional and economic significance. Among its varieties, the small red bell pepper, locally known as “<i>pimienta palmera</i>”, is a unique cultivar from La Palma in the Canary Islands, renowned for its distinctive flavor and use in traditional dishes. Despite its cultural importance, limited research exists on the chemical composition of this pepper variety. This study investigates the chemical constituents of dichloromethane and <i>n</i>-butanol fractions extracted from the pericarp of <i>Capsicum annuum</i> var. <i>palmera</i>. Isolation and structural elucidation of compounds were achieved using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HREIMS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and chromatographic techniques. A previously unreported pyrrolo-lactone compound, 2-(6-formyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-4-yl)acetic acid, was identified alongside other metabolites, including α-tocopherol, β-sitosterol, and oleic acid. This alkaloid adds to the chemical diversity of <i>Capsicum</i> species and highlights the unique bioactive potential of this regional pepper. These findings enhance the understanding of <i>pimienta palmera</i>’s composition and suggest potential applications in nutraceuticals and pharmacology due to the biological activity associated with pyrrole alkaloids. The characterization of this compound underscores the need to further explore the phytochemical richness of traditional crops with limited prior research.
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spelling doaj-art-0d0825e26e784f15ac9c459e4b39acdc2025-08-20T03:43:37ZengMDPI AGMolbank1422-85992025-01-0120251M195010.3390/M1950A New Pyrrole Alkaloid from <i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. var. <i>palmera</i> Grown in La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)Jesús G. Díaz0María A. de Buergo1David Díaz Díaz2Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, SpainDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 3, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain<i>Capsicum annuum</i>, commonly known as pepper, is a widely cultivated crop valued for its nutritional and economic significance. Among its varieties, the small red bell pepper, locally known as “<i>pimienta palmera</i>”, is a unique cultivar from La Palma in the Canary Islands, renowned for its distinctive flavor and use in traditional dishes. Despite its cultural importance, limited research exists on the chemical composition of this pepper variety. This study investigates the chemical constituents of dichloromethane and <i>n</i>-butanol fractions extracted from the pericarp of <i>Capsicum annuum</i> var. <i>palmera</i>. Isolation and structural elucidation of compounds were achieved using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HREIMS), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and chromatographic techniques. A previously unreported pyrrolo-lactone compound, 2-(6-formyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-4-yl)acetic acid, was identified alongside other metabolites, including α-tocopherol, β-sitosterol, and oleic acid. This alkaloid adds to the chemical diversity of <i>Capsicum</i> species and highlights the unique bioactive potential of this regional pepper. These findings enhance the understanding of <i>pimienta palmera</i>’s composition and suggest potential applications in nutraceuticals and pharmacology due to the biological activity associated with pyrrole alkaloids. The characterization of this compound underscores the need to further explore the phytochemical richness of traditional crops with limited prior research.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-8599/2025/1/M1950<i>Capsicum annuum</i> var. <i>palmera</i>alkaloids2-formylpyrroles2-(6-formyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-4-yl)acetic acid
spellingShingle Jesús G. Díaz
María A. de Buergo
David Díaz Díaz
A New Pyrrole Alkaloid from <i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. var. <i>palmera</i> Grown in La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
Molbank
<i>Capsicum annuum</i> var. <i>palmera</i>
alkaloids
2-formylpyrroles
2-(6-formyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-4-yl)acetic acid
title A New Pyrrole Alkaloid from <i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. var. <i>palmera</i> Grown in La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
title_full A New Pyrrole Alkaloid from <i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. var. <i>palmera</i> Grown in La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
title_fullStr A New Pyrrole Alkaloid from <i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. var. <i>palmera</i> Grown in La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
title_full_unstemmed A New Pyrrole Alkaloid from <i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. var. <i>palmera</i> Grown in La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
title_short A New Pyrrole Alkaloid from <i>Capsicum annuum</i> L. var. <i>palmera</i> Grown in La Palma (Canary Islands, Spain)
title_sort new pyrrole alkaloid from i capsicum annuum i l var i palmera i grown in la palma canary islands spain
topic <i>Capsicum annuum</i> var. <i>palmera</i>
alkaloids
2-formylpyrroles
2-(6-formyl-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]oxazin-4-yl)acetic acid
url https://www.mdpi.com/1422-8599/2025/1/M1950
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