How sagittal alignment changes can affect independent horizontal gaze after neuromuscular scoliosis correction

Abstract Background When surgical correction for spinal deformity is performed for neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) patients, sudden changes in sagittal spinal alignment after surgery can cause difficulties in maintaining independent horizontal gaze. Typically, patients with weak neck flexors can exper...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Sung Taeck Kim, Hyoungmin Kim, Bong-Soon Chang, Seonpyo Jang, Junyeop Lee, Sam Yeol Chang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06089-0
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849764328816771072
author Sung Taeck Kim
Hyoungmin Kim
Bong-Soon Chang
Seonpyo Jang
Junyeop Lee
Sam Yeol Chang
author_facet Sung Taeck Kim
Hyoungmin Kim
Bong-Soon Chang
Seonpyo Jang
Junyeop Lee
Sam Yeol Chang
author_sort Sung Taeck Kim
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background When surgical correction for spinal deformity is performed for neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) patients, sudden changes in sagittal spinal alignment after surgery can cause difficulties in maintaining independent horizontal gaze. Typically, patients with weak neck flexors can experience a loss of head control during neck extension that cannot be restored to a neutral position to allow horizontal gaze. This study aimed to analyze the radiological factors associated with the ability to maintain an independent horizontal gaze following deformity correction surgery in patients with NMS. Materials and methods Patients who underwent deformity correction surgery for the NMS from 2013 to 2023 were included. We assessed whether the patient could maintain a horizontal gaze without a headrest after deformity correction. Clinical demographics and radiographic alignment parameters before and after surgery were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors of postoperative loss of head control. Results 88 NMS patients were included in this study. After deformity correction, 31 (35%) patients could not maintain a horizontal gaze without a headrest at postoperative 3 months. The group of patients who maintained horizontal gaze had a significantly greater postoperative chin-brow vertical angle (4.3°±-10.6 vs. -4.7°±11.6, p = 0.003) and C7-S1 sagittal vertical axis (67.0 mm ± 46.5 vs. 29.3 mm ± 40.1, p = 0.002) than the group who could not. Logistic regression analysis showed that a greater increase of lumbar lordosis (odds ratio = 1.018, p = 0.039) and change in C7-S1 sagittal vertical axis (odds ratio = 1.020, p = 0.025) were associated with an inability to maintain horizontal gaze. Conclusions In this study, the loss of ability to maintain independent horizontal gaze after deformity correction for NMS was associated with a greater increase in lumbar lordosis. Maintaining preoperative sagittal balance is crucial for head control in patients undergoing deformity correction for NMS.
format Article
id doaj-art-0d06ec941e824eb6921bc0a2f138e43e
institution DOAJ
issn 1749-799X
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
spelling doaj-art-0d06ec941e824eb6921bc0a2f138e43e2025-08-20T03:05:10ZengBMCJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research1749-799X2025-07-012011910.1186/s13018-025-06089-0How sagittal alignment changes can affect independent horizontal gaze after neuromuscular scoliosis correctionSung Taeck Kim0Hyoungmin Kim1Bong-Soon Chang2Seonpyo Jang3Junyeop Lee4Sam Yeol Chang5Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University HospitalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University HospitalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University HospitalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University HospitalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University HospitalDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University HospitalAbstract Background When surgical correction for spinal deformity is performed for neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS) patients, sudden changes in sagittal spinal alignment after surgery can cause difficulties in maintaining independent horizontal gaze. Typically, patients with weak neck flexors can experience a loss of head control during neck extension that cannot be restored to a neutral position to allow horizontal gaze. This study aimed to analyze the radiological factors associated with the ability to maintain an independent horizontal gaze following deformity correction surgery in patients with NMS. Materials and methods Patients who underwent deformity correction surgery for the NMS from 2013 to 2023 were included. We assessed whether the patient could maintain a horizontal gaze without a headrest after deformity correction. Clinical demographics and radiographic alignment parameters before and after surgery were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors of postoperative loss of head control. Results 88 NMS patients were included in this study. After deformity correction, 31 (35%) patients could not maintain a horizontal gaze without a headrest at postoperative 3 months. The group of patients who maintained horizontal gaze had a significantly greater postoperative chin-brow vertical angle (4.3°±-10.6 vs. -4.7°±11.6, p = 0.003) and C7-S1 sagittal vertical axis (67.0 mm ± 46.5 vs. 29.3 mm ± 40.1, p = 0.002) than the group who could not. Logistic regression analysis showed that a greater increase of lumbar lordosis (odds ratio = 1.018, p = 0.039) and change in C7-S1 sagittal vertical axis (odds ratio = 1.020, p = 0.025) were associated with an inability to maintain horizontal gaze. Conclusions In this study, the loss of ability to maintain independent horizontal gaze after deformity correction for NMS was associated with a greater increase in lumbar lordosis. Maintaining preoperative sagittal balance is crucial for head control in patients undergoing deformity correction for NMS.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06089-0Neuromuscular scoliosisHorizontal gazeSagittal alignment
spellingShingle Sung Taeck Kim
Hyoungmin Kim
Bong-Soon Chang
Seonpyo Jang
Junyeop Lee
Sam Yeol Chang
How sagittal alignment changes can affect independent horizontal gaze after neuromuscular scoliosis correction
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
Neuromuscular scoliosis
Horizontal gaze
Sagittal alignment
title How sagittal alignment changes can affect independent horizontal gaze after neuromuscular scoliosis correction
title_full How sagittal alignment changes can affect independent horizontal gaze after neuromuscular scoliosis correction
title_fullStr How sagittal alignment changes can affect independent horizontal gaze after neuromuscular scoliosis correction
title_full_unstemmed How sagittal alignment changes can affect independent horizontal gaze after neuromuscular scoliosis correction
title_short How sagittal alignment changes can affect independent horizontal gaze after neuromuscular scoliosis correction
title_sort how sagittal alignment changes can affect independent horizontal gaze after neuromuscular scoliosis correction
topic Neuromuscular scoliosis
Horizontal gaze
Sagittal alignment
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06089-0
work_keys_str_mv AT sungtaeckkim howsagittalalignmentchangescanaffectindependenthorizontalgazeafterneuromuscularscoliosiscorrection
AT hyoungminkim howsagittalalignmentchangescanaffectindependenthorizontalgazeafterneuromuscularscoliosiscorrection
AT bongsoonchang howsagittalalignmentchangescanaffectindependenthorizontalgazeafterneuromuscularscoliosiscorrection
AT seonpyojang howsagittalalignmentchangescanaffectindependenthorizontalgazeafterneuromuscularscoliosiscorrection
AT junyeoplee howsagittalalignmentchangescanaffectindependenthorizontalgazeafterneuromuscularscoliosiscorrection
AT samyeolchang howsagittalalignmentchangescanaffectindependenthorizontalgazeafterneuromuscularscoliosiscorrection