Environmental thresholds triggering changes in above and belowground biomass carbon in China

Quantifying the dynamics of above and belowground biomass carbon (AGBC and BGBC) is essential for optimizing carbon sink management. However, the environmental thresholds that govern these dynamics under climate change remain poorly understood in China. In this study, we identified key thresholds by...

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Main Authors: Xin Zhang, Shihang Zhang, Jun Zhou, Jianrong Fan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Global Ecology and Conservation
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235198942500277X
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author Xin Zhang
Shihang Zhang
Jun Zhou
Jianrong Fan
author_facet Xin Zhang
Shihang Zhang
Jun Zhou
Jianrong Fan
author_sort Xin Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Quantifying the dynamics of above and belowground biomass carbon (AGBC and BGBC) is essential for optimizing carbon sink management. However, the environmental thresholds that govern these dynamics under climate change remain poorly understood in China. In this study, we identified key thresholds by examining the relationships between AGBC (4485 observations) and BGBC (3442 observations) with mean annual temperature (MAT), aridity index (AI), and soil pH. Thresholds for AGBC were 15.24°C (MAT), 1.17 (AI), and 6.87 (pH), while those for BGBC were 14.37°C, 0.65, and 7.99, respectively. Additionally, we explored these thresholds in different ecosystems (forests, grasslands, shrublands, and wetlands). By spatially mapping these thresholds, we delineated environmentally sensitive areas—regions currently below (or above) the thresholds that are projected to exceed (or fall below) them under future climate scenarios. Using machine learning algorithms, we modeled AGBC and BGBC distributions for the years 2010 and 2100 (SSP5–8.5 scenario) and identified regions with the most significant expected changes. Overlaying threshold-sensitive areas with projected vegetation carbon changes revealed that AGBC is likely to increase in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, while BGBC is projected to increase in the northern Shandong Province (Likelihood > 66 %). These shifts are primarily driven by regional warming and humidification that exceed identified MAT and AI thresholds. By integrating threshold identification with spatial and temporal analyses, this study enhances our understanding of vegetation carbon responses to climate change.
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spelling doaj-art-0d047385e4cc4b1596caf4b43a36b01b2025-08-20T03:30:32ZengElsevierGlobal Ecology and Conservation2351-98942025-09-0161e0367610.1016/j.gecco.2025.e03676Environmental thresholds triggering changes in above and belowground biomass carbon in ChinaXin Zhang0Shihang Zhang1Jun Zhou2Jianrong Fan3Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaInstitute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaInstitute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610299, ChinaInstitute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610299, China; Correspondence to: Research Center for Digital Mountain and Remote Sensing Application, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 610299, China.Quantifying the dynamics of above and belowground biomass carbon (AGBC and BGBC) is essential for optimizing carbon sink management. However, the environmental thresholds that govern these dynamics under climate change remain poorly understood in China. In this study, we identified key thresholds by examining the relationships between AGBC (4485 observations) and BGBC (3442 observations) with mean annual temperature (MAT), aridity index (AI), and soil pH. Thresholds for AGBC were 15.24°C (MAT), 1.17 (AI), and 6.87 (pH), while those for BGBC were 14.37°C, 0.65, and 7.99, respectively. Additionally, we explored these thresholds in different ecosystems (forests, grasslands, shrublands, and wetlands). By spatially mapping these thresholds, we delineated environmentally sensitive areas—regions currently below (or above) the thresholds that are projected to exceed (or fall below) them under future climate scenarios. Using machine learning algorithms, we modeled AGBC and BGBC distributions for the years 2010 and 2100 (SSP5–8.5 scenario) and identified regions with the most significant expected changes. Overlaying threshold-sensitive areas with projected vegetation carbon changes revealed that AGBC is likely to increase in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, while BGBC is projected to increase in the northern Shandong Province (Likelihood > 66 %). These shifts are primarily driven by regional warming and humidification that exceed identified MAT and AI thresholds. By integrating threshold identification with spatial and temporal analyses, this study enhances our understanding of vegetation carbon responses to climate change.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235198942500277XAboveground biomass carbonBelowground biomass carbonEnvironmental factorsSSP5–8.5 scenariosSpatial analysisClimate change
spellingShingle Xin Zhang
Shihang Zhang
Jun Zhou
Jianrong Fan
Environmental thresholds triggering changes in above and belowground biomass carbon in China
Global Ecology and Conservation
Aboveground biomass carbon
Belowground biomass carbon
Environmental factors
SSP5–8.5 scenarios
Spatial analysis
Climate change
title Environmental thresholds triggering changes in above and belowground biomass carbon in China
title_full Environmental thresholds triggering changes in above and belowground biomass carbon in China
title_fullStr Environmental thresholds triggering changes in above and belowground biomass carbon in China
title_full_unstemmed Environmental thresholds triggering changes in above and belowground biomass carbon in China
title_short Environmental thresholds triggering changes in above and belowground biomass carbon in China
title_sort environmental thresholds triggering changes in above and belowground biomass carbon in china
topic Aboveground biomass carbon
Belowground biomass carbon
Environmental factors
SSP5–8.5 scenarios
Spatial analysis
Climate change
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S235198942500277X
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AT junzhou environmentalthresholdstriggeringchangesinaboveandbelowgroundbiomasscarboninchina
AT jianrongfan environmentalthresholdstriggeringchangesinaboveandbelowgroundbiomasscarboninchina