Odor identification and progression to dementia: The role of odor characteristics and set size
Abstract INTRODUCTION We evaluated short versions of a 16‐item odor identification (OID) test, with regard to their ability to identify individuals at high dementia risk. METHODS Participants from the population‐based SNAC‐K study (n = 2418) were followed across 12 years. We formed 13 abbreviated cl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70035 |
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| author | Eva Dickmänken Maria Larsson Ingrid Ekström Jonas Olofsson Giulia Grande Debora Rizzuto Erika J. Laukka |
| author_facet | Eva Dickmänken Maria Larsson Ingrid Ekström Jonas Olofsson Giulia Grande Debora Rizzuto Erika J. Laukka |
| author_sort | Eva Dickmänken |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract INTRODUCTION We evaluated short versions of a 16‐item odor identification (OID) test, with regard to their ability to identify individuals at high dementia risk. METHODS Participants from the population‐based SNAC‐K study (n = 2418) were followed across 12 years. We formed 13 abbreviated clusters based on the identifiability and perceptual characteristics of the Sniffin’ Sticks Test (SST) items, and pre‐existing test versions. Dementia hazard was estimated with Cox regressions. RESULTS Lower OID scores were associated with an increased dementia hazard across all odor clusters. Lower performance in the high identifiability cluster showed the strongest association with dementia (hazard ratio = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [1.28–1.51]). Moreover, the high‐intensity odor cluster showed a stronger association with dementia than the low‐intensity cluster (P = 0.02). DISCUSSION The findings suggest that the SST items differ with regard to their association with dementia and support using a reduced set size for clinical practice. Highlights Odor identification (OID) items differ in their association with future dementia. Reduced OID set sizes render hazard ratios comparable to larger set sizes. Identifiability and perceptual characteristics of odors should be considered when designing dementia screening instruments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0cfce217976a42488404ddfd259707b6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2352-8729 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring |
| spelling | doaj-art-0cfce217976a42488404ddfd259707b62025-08-20T02:55:53ZengWileyAlzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring2352-87292024-10-01164n/an/a10.1002/dad2.70035Odor identification and progression to dementia: The role of odor characteristics and set sizeEva Dickmänken0Maria Larsson1Ingrid Ekström2Jonas Olofsson3Giulia Grande4Debora Rizzuto5Erika J. Laukka6Aging Research Center Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University Stockholm SwedenGösta Ekman Laboratories Department of Psychology Stockholm University Stockholm SwedenAging Research Center Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University Stockholm SwedenGösta Ekman Laboratories Department of Psychology Stockholm University Stockholm SwedenAging Research Center Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University Stockholm SwedenAging Research Center Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University Stockholm SwedenAging Research Center Department of Neurobiology Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University Stockholm SwedenAbstract INTRODUCTION We evaluated short versions of a 16‐item odor identification (OID) test, with regard to their ability to identify individuals at high dementia risk. METHODS Participants from the population‐based SNAC‐K study (n = 2418) were followed across 12 years. We formed 13 abbreviated clusters based on the identifiability and perceptual characteristics of the Sniffin’ Sticks Test (SST) items, and pre‐existing test versions. Dementia hazard was estimated with Cox regressions. RESULTS Lower OID scores were associated with an increased dementia hazard across all odor clusters. Lower performance in the high identifiability cluster showed the strongest association with dementia (hazard ratio = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [1.28–1.51]). Moreover, the high‐intensity odor cluster showed a stronger association with dementia than the low‐intensity cluster (P = 0.02). DISCUSSION The findings suggest that the SST items differ with regard to their association with dementia and support using a reduced set size for clinical practice. Highlights Odor identification (OID) items differ in their association with future dementia. Reduced OID set sizes render hazard ratios comparable to larger set sizes. Identifiability and perceptual characteristics of odors should be considered when designing dementia screening instruments.https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70035dementiaolfactionperceptual characteristicsSniffin’ Sticks Test |
| spellingShingle | Eva Dickmänken Maria Larsson Ingrid Ekström Jonas Olofsson Giulia Grande Debora Rizzuto Erika J. Laukka Odor identification and progression to dementia: The role of odor characteristics and set size Alzheimer’s & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring dementia olfaction perceptual characteristics Sniffin’ Sticks Test |
| title | Odor identification and progression to dementia: The role of odor characteristics and set size |
| title_full | Odor identification and progression to dementia: The role of odor characteristics and set size |
| title_fullStr | Odor identification and progression to dementia: The role of odor characteristics and set size |
| title_full_unstemmed | Odor identification and progression to dementia: The role of odor characteristics and set size |
| title_short | Odor identification and progression to dementia: The role of odor characteristics and set size |
| title_sort | odor identification and progression to dementia the role of odor characteristics and set size |
| topic | dementia olfaction perceptual characteristics Sniffin’ Sticks Test |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/dad2.70035 |
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