Enhancing antitumor immunity via ROS-ERS and pyroptosis-induced immunogenic cell death in multiple myeloma

Background Few studies have focused on the development of multiple myeloma (MM)-specific immunotherapies. Tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD), triggered by damage-associated molecular patterns, may enhance MM-specific antitumor activity, offering a potential treatment strategy.Methods This study conf...

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Main Authors: Rong Fu, Hao Wang, Chun Yang, Jia Song, Kai Ding, Liu Hui, Liu Zhaoyun, Xianghong Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2025-06-01
Series:Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
Online Access:https://jitc.bmj.com/content/13/6/e011717.full
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author Rong Fu
Hao Wang
Chun Yang
Jia Song
Kai Ding
Liu Hui
Liu Zhaoyun
Xianghong Zhao
author_facet Rong Fu
Hao Wang
Chun Yang
Jia Song
Kai Ding
Liu Hui
Liu Zhaoyun
Xianghong Zhao
author_sort Rong Fu
collection DOAJ
description Background Few studies have focused on the development of multiple myeloma (MM)-specific immunotherapies. Tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD), triggered by damage-associated molecular patterns, may enhance MM-specific antitumor activity, offering a potential treatment strategy.Methods This study confirms that combining reactive oxygen species (ROS)-endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and pyroptosis-inducers (ROS-ERS inducer 1 (REI) and Quillaja saponaria fraction 21 (QS-21), respectively) activates specific anti-MM immunity. MM cell lines were treated with REI and QS-21 alone or in combination and cytotoxicity and apoptosis were examined. ICD markers were identified, including calreticulin, ATP, heat shock protein 70, and high mobility group box 1. Additionally, changes in mitochondrial damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, pyroptosis markers, and immune markers of dendritic cell (DC) maturation and T-cell activation were assessed both in vitro and in vivo.Results ROS-ERS combined with pyroptosis significantly induces MM cell apoptosis and enhances ICD marker activation. The combination treatment induces severe mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress, further promoting pyroptosis and MM-specific T-cell activation. In vivo, the combination treatment reduces tumor growth and improves DC and T-cell activation.Conclusions Thus, ROS-ERS inducers and pyroptosis inducers together significantly enhance the immunogenic response against MM, providing a promising strategy for MM treatment by activating powerful specific T-cell antitumor immunity.
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spelling doaj-art-0cf13075217a4aa2bae1e8cabc664e4a2025-08-20T03:24:37ZengBMJ Publishing GroupJournal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer2051-14262025-06-0113610.1136/jitc-2025-011717Enhancing antitumor immunity via ROS-ERS and pyroptosis-induced immunogenic cell death in multiple myelomaRong Fu0Hao Wang1Chun Yang2Jia Song3Kai Ding4Liu Hui5Liu Zhaoyun6Xianghong Zhao7Tianjin Key Laboratory of Bone Marrow Failure and Malignant Hemopoietic Clone Control, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Institute of Hematology, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaTianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, ChinaBackground Few studies have focused on the development of multiple myeloma (MM)-specific immunotherapies. Tumor immunogenic cell death (ICD), triggered by damage-associated molecular patterns, may enhance MM-specific antitumor activity, offering a potential treatment strategy.Methods This study confirms that combining reactive oxygen species (ROS)-endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and pyroptosis-inducers (ROS-ERS inducer 1 (REI) and Quillaja saponaria fraction 21 (QS-21), respectively) activates specific anti-MM immunity. MM cell lines were treated with REI and QS-21 alone or in combination and cytotoxicity and apoptosis were examined. ICD markers were identified, including calreticulin, ATP, heat shock protein 70, and high mobility group box 1. Additionally, changes in mitochondrial damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, pyroptosis markers, and immune markers of dendritic cell (DC) maturation and T-cell activation were assessed both in vitro and in vivo.Results ROS-ERS combined with pyroptosis significantly induces MM cell apoptosis and enhances ICD marker activation. The combination treatment induces severe mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress, further promoting pyroptosis and MM-specific T-cell activation. In vivo, the combination treatment reduces tumor growth and improves DC and T-cell activation.Conclusions Thus, ROS-ERS inducers and pyroptosis inducers together significantly enhance the immunogenic response against MM, providing a promising strategy for MM treatment by activating powerful specific T-cell antitumor immunity.https://jitc.bmj.com/content/13/6/e011717.full
spellingShingle Rong Fu
Hao Wang
Chun Yang
Jia Song
Kai Ding
Liu Hui
Liu Zhaoyun
Xianghong Zhao
Enhancing antitumor immunity via ROS-ERS and pyroptosis-induced immunogenic cell death in multiple myeloma
Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer
title Enhancing antitumor immunity via ROS-ERS and pyroptosis-induced immunogenic cell death in multiple myeloma
title_full Enhancing antitumor immunity via ROS-ERS and pyroptosis-induced immunogenic cell death in multiple myeloma
title_fullStr Enhancing antitumor immunity via ROS-ERS and pyroptosis-induced immunogenic cell death in multiple myeloma
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing antitumor immunity via ROS-ERS and pyroptosis-induced immunogenic cell death in multiple myeloma
title_short Enhancing antitumor immunity via ROS-ERS and pyroptosis-induced immunogenic cell death in multiple myeloma
title_sort enhancing antitumor immunity via ros ers and pyroptosis induced immunogenic cell death in multiple myeloma
url https://jitc.bmj.com/content/13/6/e011717.full
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