Crispr Cas System in Plant Genome Editing a New Opportunity in Agriculture to Boost Crop Yield
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR/Cas9 technology evolved from a type II bacterial immune system develop in 2013 This system employs RNA-guided nuclease, CRISPR associated (Cas9) to induce double-strand breaks. The Cas9-mediated breaks are repaired by cellular DNA re...
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Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, Nigeria
2018-06-01
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| Series: | UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research |
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| Online Access: | https://ujmr.umyu.edu.ng/index.php/ujmr/article/view/257 |
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| author | Sunusi, M. Lurwanu, Y. Halidu, J. Musa, H. |
| author_facet | Sunusi, M. Lurwanu, Y. Halidu, J. Musa, H. |
| author_sort | Sunusi, M. |
| collection | DOAJ |
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Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR/Cas9 technology evolved from a type II bacterial immune system develop in 2013 This system employs RNA-guided nuclease, CRISPR associated (Cas9) to induce double-strand breaks. The Cas9-mediated breaks are repaired by cellular DNA repair mechanisms and mediate gene/genome modifications. The system has the ability to detect specific sequences of letters within the genetic code and to cut DNA at a specific point. Simultaneously with other sequence-specific nucleases, CRISPR/ Cas9 have already breach the boundaries and made genetic engineering much more versatile, efficient and easy also it has been reported to have increased rice grain yield up to 25-30 %, and increased tomato fruits size, branching architecture, and overall plant shape. CRISPR/ Cas also mediated virus resistance in many agricultural crops. In this article, we reviewed the history of the CRISPR/Cas9 system invention and its genome-editing mechanism. We also described the most recent innovation of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, particularly the broad applications of modified Cas9 variants, and discuss the potential of this system for targeted genome editing and modification for crop improvement.
Abbreviations: CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; Cas, CRISPR associated; crRNA, CRISPR RNA; tracrRNA, trans-activating crRNA; PAM, protospacer adjacent motif; sgRNA, single guide RNA; gRNA, guide RNA; ssODN, single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide; DSB, double-strand break; NHEJ, non-homologous end joining; HDR, homology directed repair, CRISPRi ,CRISPR interference
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0cd9517c5e4b4847902111f33b07f738 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2616-0668 2814-1822 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-06-01 |
| publisher | Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, Nigeria |
| record_format | Article |
| series | UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-0cd9517c5e4b4847902111f33b07f7382025-08-20T01:52:48ZengUmaru Musa Yar'adua University, Katsina, NigeriaUMYU Journal of Microbiology Research2616-06682814-18222018-06-013110.47430/ujmr.1831.017257Crispr Cas System in Plant Genome Editing a New Opportunity in Agriculture to Boost Crop YieldSunusi, M.0Lurwanu, Y.1Halidu, J.2Musa, H.3Department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa StateCrop Protection Department, Bayero University Kano .NigeriaDepartment of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa StateDepartment of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats CRISPR/Cas9 technology evolved from a type II bacterial immune system develop in 2013 This system employs RNA-guided nuclease, CRISPR associated (Cas9) to induce double-strand breaks. The Cas9-mediated breaks are repaired by cellular DNA repair mechanisms and mediate gene/genome modifications. The system has the ability to detect specific sequences of letters within the genetic code and to cut DNA at a specific point. Simultaneously with other sequence-specific nucleases, CRISPR/ Cas9 have already breach the boundaries and made genetic engineering much more versatile, efficient and easy also it has been reported to have increased rice grain yield up to 25-30 %, and increased tomato fruits size, branching architecture, and overall plant shape. CRISPR/ Cas also mediated virus resistance in many agricultural crops. In this article, we reviewed the history of the CRISPR/Cas9 system invention and its genome-editing mechanism. We also described the most recent innovation of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, particularly the broad applications of modified Cas9 variants, and discuss the potential of this system for targeted genome editing and modification for crop improvement. Abbreviations: CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats; Cas, CRISPR associated; crRNA, CRISPR RNA; tracrRNA, trans-activating crRNA; PAM, protospacer adjacent motif; sgRNA, single guide RNA; gRNA, guide RNA; ssODN, single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide; DSB, double-strand break; NHEJ, non-homologous end joining; HDR, homology directed repair, CRISPRi ,CRISPR interference https://ujmr.umyu.edu.ng/index.php/ujmr/article/view/257Crispr-Cas9Precise genome engineeringCrop improvementCrop YieldGene editing technology |
| spellingShingle | Sunusi, M. Lurwanu, Y. Halidu, J. Musa, H. Crispr Cas System in Plant Genome Editing a New Opportunity in Agriculture to Boost Crop Yield UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research Crispr-Cas9 Precise genome engineering Crop improvement Crop Yield Gene editing technology |
| title | Crispr Cas System in Plant Genome Editing a New Opportunity in Agriculture to Boost Crop Yield |
| title_full | Crispr Cas System in Plant Genome Editing a New Opportunity in Agriculture to Boost Crop Yield |
| title_fullStr | Crispr Cas System in Plant Genome Editing a New Opportunity in Agriculture to Boost Crop Yield |
| title_full_unstemmed | Crispr Cas System in Plant Genome Editing a New Opportunity in Agriculture to Boost Crop Yield |
| title_short | Crispr Cas System in Plant Genome Editing a New Opportunity in Agriculture to Boost Crop Yield |
| title_sort | crispr cas system in plant genome editing a new opportunity in agriculture to boost crop yield |
| topic | Crispr-Cas9 Precise genome engineering Crop improvement Crop Yield Gene editing technology |
| url | https://ujmr.umyu.edu.ng/index.php/ujmr/article/view/257 |
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