The Association of Khorana Risk Score with Venous Thromboembolism and Overall Survival in Patients with Metastatic Gastric Cancer
<i>Background and Objectives:</i> Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious complication frequently encountered in cancer patients and is associated with high morbidity. In patients undergoing cancer treatment—particularly those receiving chemotherapy—VTE increases treatment-related comp...
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Ezgi Turkoglu Goncagul Akdag Topal Sedat Yıldırım Oguzcan Kınıkoglu Nisanur Sarıyar Busery Tugba Kaya Hacer Sahika Yıldız Furkan Turkoglu Cihad Tatar Abdullah Sakin Deniz Isık Seval Ay Ersoy Tugba Basoglu Hatice Odabas Nedim Turan |
| author_facet | Ezgi Turkoglu Goncagul Akdag Topal Sedat Yıldırım Oguzcan Kınıkoglu Nisanur Sarıyar Busery Tugba Kaya Hacer Sahika Yıldız Furkan Turkoglu Cihad Tatar Abdullah Sakin Deniz Isık Seval Ay Ersoy Tugba Basoglu Hatice Odabas Nedim Turan |
| author_sort | Ezgi Turkoglu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives:</i> Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious complication frequently encountered in cancer patients and is associated with high morbidity. In patients undergoing cancer treatment—particularly those receiving chemotherapy—VTE increases treatment-related complications and has a direct impact on mortality. The development of VTE in oncology patients varies depending on cancer type, treatment protocols, and individual patient characteristics. The Khorana Risk Score (KRS) is a validated risk assessment tool used to estimate the risk of VTE development in patients receiving chemotherapy. KRS provides risk estimations based on the patient’s clinical features, cancer type, and treatment process. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of the Khorana Risk Score in predicting VTE development and overall survival in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> This retrospective study used data from 337 metastatic gastric cancer patients who presented to Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital between January 2012 and June 2024. Patients were categorized into intermediate- and high-risk groups according to the Khorana Risk Score. The study’s primary endpoints were the development of VTE and overall survival. <i>Results:</i> There was no statistically significant difference in VTE incidence (<i>p</i> = 0.27) or overall survival (11.9 months vs. 11.5 months, <i>p</i> = 0.23) between patients in the intermediate- and high-risk groups. <i>Conclusions:</i> These results indicate that the Khorana Risk Score is insufficient in predicting VTE development in patients with metastatic gastric cancer and has a weak association with overall survival outcomes. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the KRS’s inadequacy in predicting VTE and survival outcomes in patients with metastatic gastric cancer, highlighting the need for more tailored approaches. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0cd1cef254834beda559e1f86f8ab0f0 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1010-660X 1648-9144 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Medicina |
| spelling | doaj-art-0cd1cef254834beda559e1f86f8ab0f02025-08-20T02:21:10ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442025-06-01616107510.3390/medicina61061075The Association of Khorana Risk Score with Venous Thromboembolism and Overall Survival in Patients with Metastatic Gastric CancerEzgi Turkoglu0Goncagul Akdag Topal1Sedat Yıldırım2Oguzcan Kınıkoglu3Nisanur Sarıyar Busery4Tugba Kaya5Hacer Sahika Yıldız6Furkan Turkoglu7Cihad Tatar8Abdullah Sakin9Deniz Isık10Seval Ay Ersoy11Tugba Basoglu12Hatice Odabas13Nedim Turan14Department of Medical Oncology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, 34865 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Tokat State Hospital, 60100 Tokat, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, 34865 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, 34865 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, 34865 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, 34865 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, 34865 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of General Surgery, Aktif International Hospital, 41275 Kocaeli, TurkeyPrivate Practice, 34000 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Bahcelievler Medipol Hospital, 34196 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, 34865 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, 34865 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, 34865 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, 34865 Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Medical Oncology, Health Science University, Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kirdar City Hospital, 34865 Istanbul, Turkey<i>Background and Objectives:</i> Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a serious complication frequently encountered in cancer patients and is associated with high morbidity. In patients undergoing cancer treatment—particularly those receiving chemotherapy—VTE increases treatment-related complications and has a direct impact on mortality. The development of VTE in oncology patients varies depending on cancer type, treatment protocols, and individual patient characteristics. The Khorana Risk Score (KRS) is a validated risk assessment tool used to estimate the risk of VTE development in patients receiving chemotherapy. KRS provides risk estimations based on the patient’s clinical features, cancer type, and treatment process. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of the Khorana Risk Score in predicting VTE development and overall survival in patients with metastatic gastric cancer. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> This retrospective study used data from 337 metastatic gastric cancer patients who presented to Kartal Dr. Lütfi Kırdar City Hospital between January 2012 and June 2024. Patients were categorized into intermediate- and high-risk groups according to the Khorana Risk Score. The study’s primary endpoints were the development of VTE and overall survival. <i>Results:</i> There was no statistically significant difference in VTE incidence (<i>p</i> = 0.27) or overall survival (11.9 months vs. 11.5 months, <i>p</i> = 0.23) between patients in the intermediate- and high-risk groups. <i>Conclusions:</i> These results indicate that the Khorana Risk Score is insufficient in predicting VTE development in patients with metastatic gastric cancer and has a weak association with overall survival outcomes. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the KRS’s inadequacy in predicting VTE and survival outcomes in patients with metastatic gastric cancer, highlighting the need for more tailored approaches.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/6/1075Khorana Risk Scorevenous thromboembolismoverall survivalmetastatic gastric cancer |
| spellingShingle | Ezgi Turkoglu Goncagul Akdag Topal Sedat Yıldırım Oguzcan Kınıkoglu Nisanur Sarıyar Busery Tugba Kaya Hacer Sahika Yıldız Furkan Turkoglu Cihad Tatar Abdullah Sakin Deniz Isık Seval Ay Ersoy Tugba Basoglu Hatice Odabas Nedim Turan The Association of Khorana Risk Score with Venous Thromboembolism and Overall Survival in Patients with Metastatic Gastric Cancer Medicina Khorana Risk Score venous thromboembolism overall survival metastatic gastric cancer |
| title | The Association of Khorana Risk Score with Venous Thromboembolism and Overall Survival in Patients with Metastatic Gastric Cancer |
| title_full | The Association of Khorana Risk Score with Venous Thromboembolism and Overall Survival in Patients with Metastatic Gastric Cancer |
| title_fullStr | The Association of Khorana Risk Score with Venous Thromboembolism and Overall Survival in Patients with Metastatic Gastric Cancer |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Association of Khorana Risk Score with Venous Thromboembolism and Overall Survival in Patients with Metastatic Gastric Cancer |
| title_short | The Association of Khorana Risk Score with Venous Thromboembolism and Overall Survival in Patients with Metastatic Gastric Cancer |
| title_sort | association of khorana risk score with venous thromboembolism and overall survival in patients with metastatic gastric cancer |
| topic | Khorana Risk Score venous thromboembolism overall survival metastatic gastric cancer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/61/6/1075 |
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