Progress in ZnO Acceptor Doping: What Is the Best Strategy?
This paper reviews the recent progress in acceptor doping of ZnO that has been achieved with a focus toward the optimum strategy. There are three main approaches for generating p-type ZnO: substitutional group IA elements on a zinc site, codoping of donors and acceptors, and substitution of group VA...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2014-01-01
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| Series: | Advances in Condensed Matter Physics |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/457058 |
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| author | Judith G. Reynolds C. Lewis Reynolds |
| author_facet | Judith G. Reynolds C. Lewis Reynolds |
| author_sort | Judith G. Reynolds |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper reviews the recent progress in acceptor doping of ZnO that has been achieved with a focus toward the optimum strategy. There are three main approaches for generating p-type ZnO: substitutional group IA elements on a zinc site, codoping of donors and acceptors, and substitution of group VA elements on an oxygen site. The relevant issues are whether there is sufficient incorporation of the appropriate dopant impurity species, does it reside on the appropriate lattice site, and lastly whether the acceptor ionization energy is sufficiently small to enable significant p-type conduction at room temperature. The potential of nitrogen doping and formation of the appropriate acceptor complexes is highlighted although theoretical calculations predict that nitrogen on an oxygen site is a deep acceptor. We show that an understanding of the growth and annealing steps to achieve the relevant acceptor defect complexes is crucial to meet requirements. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0cce96916af14b1e8447ff74fc0f1682 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1687-8108 1687-8124 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Condensed Matter Physics |
| spelling | doaj-art-0cce96916af14b1e8447ff74fc0f16822025-08-20T02:03:01ZengWileyAdvances in Condensed Matter Physics1687-81081687-81242014-01-01201410.1155/2014/457058457058Progress in ZnO Acceptor Doping: What Is the Best Strategy?Judith G. Reynolds0C. Lewis Reynolds1Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USADepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USAThis paper reviews the recent progress in acceptor doping of ZnO that has been achieved with a focus toward the optimum strategy. There are three main approaches for generating p-type ZnO: substitutional group IA elements on a zinc site, codoping of donors and acceptors, and substitution of group VA elements on an oxygen site. The relevant issues are whether there is sufficient incorporation of the appropriate dopant impurity species, does it reside on the appropriate lattice site, and lastly whether the acceptor ionization energy is sufficiently small to enable significant p-type conduction at room temperature. The potential of nitrogen doping and formation of the appropriate acceptor complexes is highlighted although theoretical calculations predict that nitrogen on an oxygen site is a deep acceptor. We show that an understanding of the growth and annealing steps to achieve the relevant acceptor defect complexes is crucial to meet requirements.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/457058 |
| spellingShingle | Judith G. Reynolds C. Lewis Reynolds Progress in ZnO Acceptor Doping: What Is the Best Strategy? Advances in Condensed Matter Physics |
| title | Progress in ZnO Acceptor Doping: What Is the Best Strategy? |
| title_full | Progress in ZnO Acceptor Doping: What Is the Best Strategy? |
| title_fullStr | Progress in ZnO Acceptor Doping: What Is the Best Strategy? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Progress in ZnO Acceptor Doping: What Is the Best Strategy? |
| title_short | Progress in ZnO Acceptor Doping: What Is the Best Strategy? |
| title_sort | progress in zno acceptor doping what is the best strategy |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/457058 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT judithgreynolds progressinznoacceptordopingwhatisthebeststrategy AT clewisreynolds progressinznoacceptordopingwhatisthebeststrategy |