RNAi delivery mediated by milk extracellular vesicles in colon cancer

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has emerged as a powerful tool for gene silencing, offering great potential for therapeutic applications. However, the clinical use of siRNA is limited by several challenges, including poor stability in biological fluids, off-target effects, and toxicity due to non-spec...

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Main Authors: Jessie Santoro, Silvia Nuzzo, Andrea Soricelli, Marco Salvatore, Anna Maria Grimaldi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2162253125001982
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author Jessie Santoro
Silvia Nuzzo
Andrea Soricelli
Marco Salvatore
Anna Maria Grimaldi
author_facet Jessie Santoro
Silvia Nuzzo
Andrea Soricelli
Marco Salvatore
Anna Maria Grimaldi
author_sort Jessie Santoro
collection DOAJ
description Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has emerged as a powerful tool for gene silencing, offering great potential for therapeutic applications. However, the clinical use of siRNA is limited by several challenges, including poor stability in biological fluids, off-target effects, and toxicity due to non-specific cellular uptake. To address these limitations, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from milk are being investigated as natural carriers to deliver siRNA and microRNA. These EVs offer advantages such as low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, and the ability to cross biological barriers. Here, we optimized methods for loading siRNA into milk-derived EVs (mEVS) and assessed their ability to protect siRNA from degradation while preserving its gene-silencing efficacy. We targeted a potential biomarker, Aurora kinase A (AURKA), known to be deregulated in many types of solid tumors, including colon cancer. Our results demonstrate that mEVs-loaded siRNA retains the stability and functionality of internalized siRNA, leading to efficient gene silencing in target cells. This approach highlights the potential of mEVs as a safe and valuable delivery system, overcoming key limitations of siRNA therapeutics and opening new avenues and opening new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in colon cancer.
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series Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids
spelling doaj-art-0cc8a718d5eb4e0a9257cdc3088e4f682025-08-22T04:56:10ZengElsevierMolecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids2162-25312025-09-0136310264410.1016/j.omtn.2025.102644RNAi delivery mediated by milk extracellular vesicles in colon cancerJessie Santoro0Silvia Nuzzo1Andrea Soricelli2Marco Salvatore3Anna Maria Grimaldi4IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco 113, 80143 Napoli, ItalyIRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco 113, 80143 Napoli, ItalyIRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco 113, 80143 Napoli, Italy; Department of Medical, Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, University of Naples Parthenope, Naples, ItalyIRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco 113, 80143 Napoli, ItalyIRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco 113, 80143 Napoli, Italy; Corresponding author: Anna Maria Grimaldi, IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, Via E. Gianturco 113, 80143 Napoli, Italy.Small interfering RNA (siRNA) has emerged as a powerful tool for gene silencing, offering great potential for therapeutic applications. However, the clinical use of siRNA is limited by several challenges, including poor stability in biological fluids, off-target effects, and toxicity due to non-specific cellular uptake. To address these limitations, extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from milk are being investigated as natural carriers to deliver siRNA and microRNA. These EVs offer advantages such as low immunogenicity, biocompatibility, and the ability to cross biological barriers. Here, we optimized methods for loading siRNA into milk-derived EVs (mEVS) and assessed their ability to protect siRNA from degradation while preserving its gene-silencing efficacy. We targeted a potential biomarker, Aurora kinase A (AURKA), known to be deregulated in many types of solid tumors, including colon cancer. Our results demonstrate that mEVs-loaded siRNA retains the stability and functionality of internalized siRNA, leading to efficient gene silencing in target cells. This approach highlights the potential of mEVs as a safe and valuable delivery system, overcoming key limitations of siRNA therapeutics and opening new avenues and opening new avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in colon cancer.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2162253125001982MT: Delivery Strategiesmilk extracellular vesiclescolon cancerAurora kinase AsiRNAgene silencing
spellingShingle Jessie Santoro
Silvia Nuzzo
Andrea Soricelli
Marco Salvatore
Anna Maria Grimaldi
RNAi delivery mediated by milk extracellular vesicles in colon cancer
Molecular Therapy: Nucleic Acids
MT: Delivery Strategies
milk extracellular vesicles
colon cancer
Aurora kinase A
siRNA
gene silencing
title RNAi delivery mediated by milk extracellular vesicles in colon cancer
title_full RNAi delivery mediated by milk extracellular vesicles in colon cancer
title_fullStr RNAi delivery mediated by milk extracellular vesicles in colon cancer
title_full_unstemmed RNAi delivery mediated by milk extracellular vesicles in colon cancer
title_short RNAi delivery mediated by milk extracellular vesicles in colon cancer
title_sort rnai delivery mediated by milk extracellular vesicles in colon cancer
topic MT: Delivery Strategies
milk extracellular vesicles
colon cancer
Aurora kinase A
siRNA
gene silencing
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2162253125001982
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AT silvianuzzo rnaideliverymediatedbymilkextracellularvesiclesincoloncancer
AT andreasoricelli rnaideliverymediatedbymilkextracellularvesiclesincoloncancer
AT marcosalvatore rnaideliverymediatedbymilkextracellularvesiclesincoloncancer
AT annamariagrimaldi rnaideliverymediatedbymilkextracellularvesiclesincoloncancer