Synergistic A-site co-doping of (Na1/2Bi1/2)xBa1−xZn1/3Nb2/3O3 perovskites: doping mechanisms, microstructure and impedance studies
This study explores the novel synergistic co-doping of (Na1/2Bi1/2)2+ ions into the A-sites of Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BZN) perovskites to optimise dielectric properties and reduce sintering temperatures. Polycrystalline (Na1/2Bi1/2)xBa1−xZn1/3Nb2/3O3 ceramics (x = 0.1–0.4) were synthesised via solid-stat...
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2025-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468217925001248 |
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| author | Y. Feng A.T.Z. Lim M. Lu J. Sun K.Y. Chan S. Ghotekar D. Zhou D.C. Sinclair K.B. Tan |
| author_facet | Y. Feng A.T.Z. Lim M. Lu J. Sun K.Y. Chan S. Ghotekar D. Zhou D.C. Sinclair K.B. Tan |
| author_sort | Y. Feng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study explores the novel synergistic co-doping of (Na1/2Bi1/2)2+ ions into the A-sites of Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BZN) perovskites to optimise dielectric properties and reduce sintering temperatures. Polycrystalline (Na1/2Bi1/2)xBa1−xZn1/3Nb2/3O3 ceramics (x = 0.1–0.4) were synthesised via solid-state reaction, achieving dense microstructures with relative densities exceeding 92 %. The presence of Na0.13Bi1.87O2.87 and ZnNb2O6 transient phases facilitated a significant reduction in sintering temperature from 1200 °C (x = 0.1) to as low as 950 °C (x = 0.4). XRD, Rietveld refinement and TEM confirmed the formation of phase-pure cubic perovskites with Pm 3‾ m symmetry. Dielectric studies revealed enhanced room-temperature relative permittivity (ε′) and optimised dielectric loss (tan δ), attributed to dipole polarisation induced by 6s2 lone-pair electrons of Bi3+ and improved grain size. Notably, the composition, x = 0.2 exhibited the lowest tan δ (∼0.0096 at 1 MHz) and highest electrical resistance, representing the optimal balance of dielectric performance. Impedance spectroscopy analysis revealed grain-dominated electrical processes and reduced oxygen vacancies, thereby corroborating the correlation between composition, microstructure and electrical properties. This work highlights the functionality of (Na1/2Bi1/2)2+ co-doping to enhance the dielectric performance of BZN perovskites while achieving optimal density at reduced sintering temperatures, thus rendering them suitable for applications in Low-Temperature Co-Fired ceramic (LTCC) for advanced electronic devices. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0cc05a5a577d491d8fd08fc77a61ae44 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2468-2179 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices |
| spelling | doaj-art-0cc05a5a577d491d8fd08fc77a61ae442025-08-20T05:07:19ZengElsevierJournal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices2468-21792025-09-0110310097110.1016/j.jsamd.2025.100971Synergistic A-site co-doping of (Na1/2Bi1/2)xBa1−xZn1/3Nb2/3O3 perovskites: doping mechanisms, microstructure and impedance studiesY. Feng0A.T.Z. Lim1M. Lu2J. Sun3K.Y. Chan4S. Ghotekar5D. Zhou6D.C. Sinclair7K.B. Tan8Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities, Management and Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia Sarawak, Bintulu, 97008, Sarawak, MalaysiaThe Joint Laboratory of MXene Materials, Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130103, ChinaSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, ChinaFaculty of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, 63100, Cyberjaya, Selangor, MalaysiaCentre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, IndiaElectronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education and International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, Shaanxi, China; Corresponding author.School of Chemical, Materials and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sir Robert Hadfield Building, Mappin Street, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK; Corresponding author.Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; Corresponding author.This study explores the novel synergistic co-doping of (Na1/2Bi1/2)2+ ions into the A-sites of Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BZN) perovskites to optimise dielectric properties and reduce sintering temperatures. Polycrystalline (Na1/2Bi1/2)xBa1−xZn1/3Nb2/3O3 ceramics (x = 0.1–0.4) were synthesised via solid-state reaction, achieving dense microstructures with relative densities exceeding 92 %. The presence of Na0.13Bi1.87O2.87 and ZnNb2O6 transient phases facilitated a significant reduction in sintering temperature from 1200 °C (x = 0.1) to as low as 950 °C (x = 0.4). XRD, Rietveld refinement and TEM confirmed the formation of phase-pure cubic perovskites with Pm 3‾ m symmetry. Dielectric studies revealed enhanced room-temperature relative permittivity (ε′) and optimised dielectric loss (tan δ), attributed to dipole polarisation induced by 6s2 lone-pair electrons of Bi3+ and improved grain size. Notably, the composition, x = 0.2 exhibited the lowest tan δ (∼0.0096 at 1 MHz) and highest electrical resistance, representing the optimal balance of dielectric performance. Impedance spectroscopy analysis revealed grain-dominated electrical processes and reduced oxygen vacancies, thereby corroborating the correlation between composition, microstructure and electrical properties. This work highlights the functionality of (Na1/2Bi1/2)2+ co-doping to enhance the dielectric performance of BZN perovskites while achieving optimal density at reduced sintering temperatures, thus rendering them suitable for applications in Low-Temperature Co-Fired ceramic (LTCC) for advanced electronic devices.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468217925001248PerovskitesPhase evolutionDensification and dielectric properties |
| spellingShingle | Y. Feng A.T.Z. Lim M. Lu J. Sun K.Y. Chan S. Ghotekar D. Zhou D.C. Sinclair K.B. Tan Synergistic A-site co-doping of (Na1/2Bi1/2)xBa1−xZn1/3Nb2/3O3 perovskites: doping mechanisms, microstructure and impedance studies Journal of Science: Advanced Materials and Devices Perovskites Phase evolution Densification and dielectric properties |
| title | Synergistic A-site co-doping of (Na1/2Bi1/2)xBa1−xZn1/3Nb2/3O3 perovskites: doping mechanisms, microstructure and impedance studies |
| title_full | Synergistic A-site co-doping of (Na1/2Bi1/2)xBa1−xZn1/3Nb2/3O3 perovskites: doping mechanisms, microstructure and impedance studies |
| title_fullStr | Synergistic A-site co-doping of (Na1/2Bi1/2)xBa1−xZn1/3Nb2/3O3 perovskites: doping mechanisms, microstructure and impedance studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Synergistic A-site co-doping of (Na1/2Bi1/2)xBa1−xZn1/3Nb2/3O3 perovskites: doping mechanisms, microstructure and impedance studies |
| title_short | Synergistic A-site co-doping of (Na1/2Bi1/2)xBa1−xZn1/3Nb2/3O3 perovskites: doping mechanisms, microstructure and impedance studies |
| title_sort | synergistic a site co doping of na1 2bi1 2 xba1 xzn1 3nb2 3o3 perovskites doping mechanisms microstructure and impedance studies |
| topic | Perovskites Phase evolution Densification and dielectric properties |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468217925001248 |
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