Paleoenvironmental Analysis and Rice Farming at the Huangshan Site, Central China

The Huangshan site in Nanyang, situated at the junction of the Nanyang Basin and the Jianghan Plain, represents a critical region for understanding the northward expansion of rice farming in China. Due to the scarcity of suitable organic material, the dating of the channel section at Huangshan relie...

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Main Authors: Hao Lu, Jun Chai, Jun-Cai Ma, Kun Liang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Heritage
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/8/6/232
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author Hao Lu
Jun Chai
Jun-Cai Ma
Kun Liang
author_facet Hao Lu
Jun Chai
Jun-Cai Ma
Kun Liang
author_sort Hao Lu
collection DOAJ
description The Huangshan site in Nanyang, situated at the junction of the Nanyang Basin and the Jianghan Plain, represents a critical region for understanding the northward expansion of rice farming in China. Due to the scarcity of suitable organic material, the dating of the channel section at Huangshan relies primarily on cultural relics. By employing grain-size analysis, pollen analysis, and phytolith analysis on sediment samples from the site’s river section, we established a comprehensive framework of hydrology, climate, vegetation, and agricultural activities during the Yangshao to Qujialing periods (ca. 7000–4600 BP). The findings indicate a relative decline in temperature during the Yangshao period, followed by a return to warm and humid conditions during the Qujialing period, which coincided with the peak intensity of rice farming. The continuous expansion of rice farming at the Huangshan site during prehistoric times is likely linked to the northward spread of Qujialing culture. The large-scale production of rice not only provided an economic foundation for the growth of the Huangshan settlement but also facilitated its development into a regional hub for jade production and trade. This study offers new environmental archaeological insights into the interactions between the middle Yangtze River region and the Central Plains during the late Neolithic period.
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spelling doaj-art-0cb175ebc2dc4e05b74bd185368897702025-08-20T03:24:36ZengMDPI AGHeritage2571-94082025-06-018623210.3390/heritage8060232Paleoenvironmental Analysis and Rice Farming at the Huangshan Site, Central ChinaHao Lu0Jun Chai1Jun-Cai Ma2Kun Liang3School of History, Beijing Normal University, No. 19 Xinjiekouwai Street, Haidian District, Beijing 100875, ChinaSchool of Cultural Heritage, Beijing City University, No. 26 Yangzhen Section, Muyan Road, Shunyi District, Beijing 101309, ChinaHenan Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology, No. 9 Longhai North Third Street, Guancheng Hui District, Zhengzhou 450000, ChinaNanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 39 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, ChinaThe Huangshan site in Nanyang, situated at the junction of the Nanyang Basin and the Jianghan Plain, represents a critical region for understanding the northward expansion of rice farming in China. Due to the scarcity of suitable organic material, the dating of the channel section at Huangshan relies primarily on cultural relics. By employing grain-size analysis, pollen analysis, and phytolith analysis on sediment samples from the site’s river section, we established a comprehensive framework of hydrology, climate, vegetation, and agricultural activities during the Yangshao to Qujialing periods (ca. 7000–4600 BP). The findings indicate a relative decline in temperature during the Yangshao period, followed by a return to warm and humid conditions during the Qujialing period, which coincided with the peak intensity of rice farming. The continuous expansion of rice farming at the Huangshan site during prehistoric times is likely linked to the northward spread of Qujialing culture. The large-scale production of rice not only provided an economic foundation for the growth of the Huangshan settlement but also facilitated its development into a regional hub for jade production and trade. This study offers new environmental archaeological insights into the interactions between the middle Yangtze River region and the Central Plains during the late Neolithic period.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/8/6/232Huangshan sitegrain-size analysispollen analysisphytolith analysisrice farmingQujialing culture
spellingShingle Hao Lu
Jun Chai
Jun-Cai Ma
Kun Liang
Paleoenvironmental Analysis and Rice Farming at the Huangshan Site, Central China
Heritage
Huangshan site
grain-size analysis
pollen analysis
phytolith analysis
rice farming
Qujialing culture
title Paleoenvironmental Analysis and Rice Farming at the Huangshan Site, Central China
title_full Paleoenvironmental Analysis and Rice Farming at the Huangshan Site, Central China
title_fullStr Paleoenvironmental Analysis and Rice Farming at the Huangshan Site, Central China
title_full_unstemmed Paleoenvironmental Analysis and Rice Farming at the Huangshan Site, Central China
title_short Paleoenvironmental Analysis and Rice Farming at the Huangshan Site, Central China
title_sort paleoenvironmental analysis and rice farming at the huangshan site central china
topic Huangshan site
grain-size analysis
pollen analysis
phytolith analysis
rice farming
Qujialing culture
url https://www.mdpi.com/2571-9408/8/6/232
work_keys_str_mv AT haolu paleoenvironmentalanalysisandricefarmingatthehuangshansitecentralchina
AT junchai paleoenvironmentalanalysisandricefarmingatthehuangshansitecentralchina
AT juncaima paleoenvironmentalanalysisandricefarmingatthehuangshansitecentralchina
AT kunliang paleoenvironmentalanalysisandricefarmingatthehuangshansitecentralchina