Incidence of hypernatremia in dogs treated with single dose activated charcoal for acute toxicant ingestion: multi-center retrospective study (2018–2023)
ObjectiveTo retrospectively evaluate the incidence and clinical significance of hypernatremia in dogs administered a single dose of activated charcoal (AC) or activated charcoal with sorbitol (ACS) for acute toxicant ingestion.MethodsRetrospective study between the years 2018–2023. Ninety-six dogs e...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1547076/full |
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| author | Timothy Young Rebecca A. L. Walton Poyee Cheng Jiazhang Cai Jonathan P. Mochel Katherine Peterson |
| author_facet | Timothy Young Rebecca A. L. Walton Poyee Cheng Jiazhang Cai Jonathan P. Mochel Katherine Peterson |
| author_sort | Timothy Young |
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| description | ObjectiveTo retrospectively evaluate the incidence and clinical significance of hypernatremia in dogs administered a single dose of activated charcoal (AC) or activated charcoal with sorbitol (ACS) for acute toxicant ingestion.MethodsRetrospective study between the years 2018–2023. Ninety-six dogs evaluated by a university teaching hospital and private practice emergency hospital treated for acute toxicant ingestion with a single dose of activated charcoal, with or without sorbitol.ResultsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed. No dog developed hypernatremia, defined as sodium >155 mEq/L, during the study period. The toxicant ingested was not significantly associated with a change in sodium (Na) at any time point (P = 0.433 at 6–12 h, P = 0.09 at 12–14 h, and P = 0.486 at 24–48 h). Ingestion of multiple toxicants, compared to single toxicant ingestion, was also not significantly associated with a change in Na at any time point (P = 0.126 at P = 6–12 h, P = 0.452 at 12–24 h, and P = 0.516 at 24–48 h). Time from ingestion to presentation was not significantly associated with a change in Na at any time point (P = 0.422 at 6–12 h, P = 0.881 at 12–24 h, and P = 0.516 at 24–48 h). The administration of AC compared to ACS was not significantly associated with a change in Na at any time period (P = 0.715 at 6–12 h, P = 0.137 at 12–24 h, P = 0.582 at 24–48 h). There was a significant difference between Na on presentation and at 12–24 h and 24–48 h (P = 0.025 and P = 0.015, respectively.) Median Na values decreased at all-time points when compared to presentation, −0.90 at 6–12 h (standard deviation (SD) 2.74), −1.38 at 12–24 h (SD 4.81) and −2.11 at 24–48 h (SD 5.34).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated a statistically significant, but unlikely clinically significant, decrease in Na in dogs who received single dose AC or ACS for acute toxicant ingestion. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-0c9b01f25b694bfeb96c60e6e88152de2025-08-20T02:03:36ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-02-011210.3389/fvets.2025.15470761547076Incidence of hypernatremia in dogs treated with single dose activated charcoal for acute toxicant ingestion: multi-center retrospective study (2018–2023)Timothy Young0Rebecca A. L. Walton1Poyee Cheng2Jiazhang Cai3Jonathan P. Mochel4Katherine Peterson5Veterinary Centers of America (VCA) West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesVeterinary Centers of America (VCA) West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesVeterinary Centers of America (VCA) West Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United StatesPrecision One Health Initiative, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesPrecision One Health Initiative, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United StatesBluePearl, Duluth, MN, United StatesObjectiveTo retrospectively evaluate the incidence and clinical significance of hypernatremia in dogs administered a single dose of activated charcoal (AC) or activated charcoal with sorbitol (ACS) for acute toxicant ingestion.MethodsRetrospective study between the years 2018–2023. Ninety-six dogs evaluated by a university teaching hospital and private practice emergency hospital treated for acute toxicant ingestion with a single dose of activated charcoal, with or without sorbitol.ResultsMedical records were retrospectively reviewed. No dog developed hypernatremia, defined as sodium >155 mEq/L, during the study period. The toxicant ingested was not significantly associated with a change in sodium (Na) at any time point (P = 0.433 at 6–12 h, P = 0.09 at 12–14 h, and P = 0.486 at 24–48 h). Ingestion of multiple toxicants, compared to single toxicant ingestion, was also not significantly associated with a change in Na at any time point (P = 0.126 at P = 6–12 h, P = 0.452 at 12–24 h, and P = 0.516 at 24–48 h). Time from ingestion to presentation was not significantly associated with a change in Na at any time point (P = 0.422 at 6–12 h, P = 0.881 at 12–24 h, and P = 0.516 at 24–48 h). The administration of AC compared to ACS was not significantly associated with a change in Na at any time period (P = 0.715 at 6–12 h, P = 0.137 at 12–24 h, P = 0.582 at 24–48 h). There was a significant difference between Na on presentation and at 12–24 h and 24–48 h (P = 0.025 and P = 0.015, respectively.) Median Na values decreased at all-time points when compared to presentation, −0.90 at 6–12 h (standard deviation (SD) 2.74), −1.38 at 12–24 h (SD 4.81) and −2.11 at 24–48 h (SD 5.34).ConclusionsThis study demonstrated a statistically significant, but unlikely clinically significant, decrease in Na in dogs who received single dose AC or ACS for acute toxicant ingestion.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1547076/fulldecontaminationelectrolyte derangementstoxicitysorbitolhypernatremia |
| spellingShingle | Timothy Young Rebecca A. L. Walton Poyee Cheng Jiazhang Cai Jonathan P. Mochel Katherine Peterson Incidence of hypernatremia in dogs treated with single dose activated charcoal for acute toxicant ingestion: multi-center retrospective study (2018–2023) Frontiers in Veterinary Science decontamination electrolyte derangements toxicity sorbitol hypernatremia |
| title | Incidence of hypernatremia in dogs treated with single dose activated charcoal for acute toxicant ingestion: multi-center retrospective study (2018–2023) |
| title_full | Incidence of hypernatremia in dogs treated with single dose activated charcoal for acute toxicant ingestion: multi-center retrospective study (2018–2023) |
| title_fullStr | Incidence of hypernatremia in dogs treated with single dose activated charcoal for acute toxicant ingestion: multi-center retrospective study (2018–2023) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Incidence of hypernatremia in dogs treated with single dose activated charcoal for acute toxicant ingestion: multi-center retrospective study (2018–2023) |
| title_short | Incidence of hypernatremia in dogs treated with single dose activated charcoal for acute toxicant ingestion: multi-center retrospective study (2018–2023) |
| title_sort | incidence of hypernatremia in dogs treated with single dose activated charcoal for acute toxicant ingestion multi center retrospective study 2018 2023 |
| topic | decontamination electrolyte derangements toxicity sorbitol hypernatremia |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1547076/full |
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