Comparative Efficacy and Recurrence of Combination Therapies in Keloid Management: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis

Background:. Combination therapies are increasingly recognized in keloid management, which has been challenging due to high recurrence and variable individual responses. This Network Meta-Analysis (NMA) aimed to identify the most effective combinations with the lowest recurrence rates. Methods:. The...

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Main Authors: Alexandra F. Chandra, MD, Jenisa Kamayana, MD, Narottama Tunjung, MD, Irena S. Rini, MD
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wolters Kluwer 2025-08-01
Series:Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Global Open
Online Access:http://journals.lww.com/prsgo/fulltext/10.1097/GOX.0000000000007048
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Summary:Background:. Combination therapies are increasingly recognized in keloid management, which has been challenging due to high recurrence and variable individual responses. This Network Meta-Analysis (NMA) aimed to identify the most effective combinations with the lowest recurrence rates. Methods:. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024594922). Relevant Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) evaluating all combination therapies for keloid were extracted from Cochrane, PubMed, and Scopus, until January 7, 2025. Results:. A total of 1398 cases from 22 RCTs comparing different treatment combinations for keloid were included. The NMA revealed that only combinations involving Triamcinolone Acetonide (TAC) and 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) displayed significantly higher efficacy than TAC monotherapy: TAC + 5-FU + Pulsed Dye Laser (PDL) (RR 2.98; 95% CI: 1.26 to 7.02) and TAC + 5-FU (RR 1.43; 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.93). The lowest recurrence rates were found in TAC + bleomycin (RR 0.04; 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.84) and TAC + 5-FU + brachytherapy (RR 0.23; 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.73). No other combinations showed statistically significant differences. Funnel plot analysis revealed no publication bias. Conclusions:. Combination therapies, particularly TAC + 5-FU with PDL or brachytherapy, and TAC + bleomycin, outperform TAC alone in efficacy and recurrence reduction. These findings support tailored, multimodal approaches for optimal keloid management and improved patient outcomes.
ISSN:2169-7574