A case study on entropy-aware block-based linear transforms for lossless image compression

Abstract Data compression algorithms tend to reduce information entropy, which is crucial, especially in the case of images, as they are data intensive. In this regard, lossless image data compression is especially challenging. Many popular lossless compression methods incorporate predictions and va...

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Main Authors: Borut Žalik, David Podgorelec, Ivana Kolingerová, Damjan Strnad, Štefan Kohek
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79038-2
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author Borut Žalik
David Podgorelec
Ivana Kolingerová
Damjan Strnad
Štefan Kohek
author_facet Borut Žalik
David Podgorelec
Ivana Kolingerová
Damjan Strnad
Štefan Kohek
author_sort Borut Žalik
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Data compression algorithms tend to reduce information entropy, which is crucial, especially in the case of images, as they are data intensive. In this regard, lossless image data compression is especially challenging. Many popular lossless compression methods incorporate predictions and various types of pixel transformations, in order to reduce the information entropy of an image. In this paper, a block optimisation programming framework $$\Phi$$ Φ is introduced to support various experiments on raster images, divided into blocks of pixels. Eleven methods were implemented within $$\Phi$$ Φ , including prediction methods, string transformation methods, and inverse distance weighting, as a representative of interpolation methods. Thirty-two different greyscale raster images with varying resolutions and contents were used in the experiments. It was shown that $$\Phi$$ Φ reduces information entropy better than the popular JPEG LS and CALIC predictors. The additional information associated with each block in $$\Phi$$ Φ is then evaluated. It was confirmed that, despite this additional cost, the estimated size in bytes is smaller in comparison to the sizes achieved by the JPEG LS and CALIC predictors.
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spelling doaj-art-0c8867507d9c4b8d99b7400cbd7cfaaa2025-08-20T02:08:22ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114111510.1038/s41598-024-79038-2A case study on entropy-aware block-based linear transforms for lossless image compressionBorut Žalik0David Podgorelec1Ivana Kolingerová2Damjan Strnad3Štefan Kohek4Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of MariborFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of West BohemiaFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of MariborFaculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of MariborAbstract Data compression algorithms tend to reduce information entropy, which is crucial, especially in the case of images, as they are data intensive. In this regard, lossless image data compression is especially challenging. Many popular lossless compression methods incorporate predictions and various types of pixel transformations, in order to reduce the information entropy of an image. In this paper, a block optimisation programming framework $$\Phi$$ Φ is introduced to support various experiments on raster images, divided into blocks of pixels. Eleven methods were implemented within $$\Phi$$ Φ , including prediction methods, string transformation methods, and inverse distance weighting, as a representative of interpolation methods. Thirty-two different greyscale raster images with varying resolutions and contents were used in the experiments. It was shown that $$\Phi$$ Φ reduces information entropy better than the popular JPEG LS and CALIC predictors. The additional information associated with each block in $$\Phi$$ Φ is then evaluated. It was confirmed that, despite this additional cost, the estimated size in bytes is smaller in comparison to the sizes achieved by the JPEG LS and CALIC predictors.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79038-2Computer scienceInformation entropyPredictionInverse distance transformString transformations
spellingShingle Borut Žalik
David Podgorelec
Ivana Kolingerová
Damjan Strnad
Štefan Kohek
A case study on entropy-aware block-based linear transforms for lossless image compression
Scientific Reports
Computer science
Information entropy
Prediction
Inverse distance transform
String transformations
title A case study on entropy-aware block-based linear transforms for lossless image compression
title_full A case study on entropy-aware block-based linear transforms for lossless image compression
title_fullStr A case study on entropy-aware block-based linear transforms for lossless image compression
title_full_unstemmed A case study on entropy-aware block-based linear transforms for lossless image compression
title_short A case study on entropy-aware block-based linear transforms for lossless image compression
title_sort case study on entropy aware block based linear transforms for lossless image compression
topic Computer science
Information entropy
Prediction
Inverse distance transform
String transformations
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79038-2
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