Optimising the Design of a Hybrid Fuel Cell/Battery and Waste Heat Recovery System for Retrofitting Ship Power Generation
This research aims to assess the integration of different fuel cell (FC) options with battery and waste heat recovery systems through a mathematical modelling process to determine the most feasible retrofit solutions for a marine electricity generation plant. This paper distinguishes itself from exi...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/288 |
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| author | Onur Yuksel Eduardo Blanco-Davis Andrew Spiteri David Hitchmough Viknash Shagar Maria Carmela Di Piazza Marcello Pucci Nikolaos Tsoulakos Milad Armin Jin Wang |
| author_facet | Onur Yuksel Eduardo Blanco-Davis Andrew Spiteri David Hitchmough Viknash Shagar Maria Carmela Di Piazza Marcello Pucci Nikolaos Tsoulakos Milad Armin Jin Wang |
| author_sort | Onur Yuksel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research aims to assess the integration of different fuel cell (FC) options with battery and waste heat recovery systems through a mathematical modelling process to determine the most feasible retrofit solutions for a marine electricity generation plant. This paper distinguishes itself from existing literature by incorporating future cost projection scenarios involving variables such as carbon tax, fuel, and equipment prices. It assesses the environmental impact by including upstream emissions integrated with the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) calculations. Real-time data have been collected from a Kamsarmax vessel to build a hybrid marine power distribution plant model for simulating six system designs. A Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodology ranks the scenarios depending on environmental benefits, economic performance, and system space requirements. The findings demonstrate that the hybrid configurations, including solid oxide (SOFC) and proton exchange (PEMFC) FCs, achieve a deduction in equivalent CO<sub>2</sub> of the plant up to 91.79% and decrease the EEXI and the average CII by 10.24% and 6.53%, respectively. Although SOFC-included configurations show slightly better economic performance and require less fuel capacity, the overall performance of PEMFC designs are ranked higher in MCDM analysis due to the higher power density. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0c7e2982ac12469aae9a79afd53b7f1b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-0c7e2982ac12469aae9a79afd53b7f1b2025-01-24T13:30:54ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-01-0118228810.3390/en18020288Optimising the Design of a Hybrid Fuel Cell/Battery and Waste Heat Recovery System for Retrofitting Ship Power GenerationOnur Yuksel0Eduardo Blanco-Davis1Andrew Spiteri2David Hitchmough3Viknash Shagar4Maria Carmela Di Piazza5Marcello Pucci6Nikolaos Tsoulakos7Milad Armin8Jin Wang9Liverpool Logistics Offshore and Marine Research Institute (LOOM), School of Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UKLiverpool Logistics Offshore and Marine Research Institute (LOOM), School of Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UKLiverpool Logistics Offshore and Marine Research Institute (LOOM), School of Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UKLiverpool Logistics Offshore and Marine Research Institute (LOOM), School of Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UKLiverpool Logistics Offshore and Marine Research Institute (LOOM), School of Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UKNational Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, ItalyNational Research Council of Italy (CNR), Institute of Marine Engineering (INM), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, 90146 Palermo, ItalyLaskaridis Shipping Co., Ltd., 5 Xenias Str. and Ch. Trikoupi, Kifissia, 14562 Athens, GreeceEnki Marine Technology Consultancy, Unit 5 Reliance House, 20 Water Street, Liverpool L2 8AA, UKLiverpool Logistics Offshore and Marine Research Institute (LOOM), School of Engineering, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UKThis research aims to assess the integration of different fuel cell (FC) options with battery and waste heat recovery systems through a mathematical modelling process to determine the most feasible retrofit solutions for a marine electricity generation plant. This paper distinguishes itself from existing literature by incorporating future cost projection scenarios involving variables such as carbon tax, fuel, and equipment prices. It assesses the environmental impact by including upstream emissions integrated with the Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and the Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) calculations. Real-time data have been collected from a Kamsarmax vessel to build a hybrid marine power distribution plant model for simulating six system designs. A Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methodology ranks the scenarios depending on environmental benefits, economic performance, and system space requirements. The findings demonstrate that the hybrid configurations, including solid oxide (SOFC) and proton exchange (PEMFC) FCs, achieve a deduction in equivalent CO<sub>2</sub> of the plant up to 91.79% and decrease the EEXI and the average CII by 10.24% and 6.53%, respectively. Although SOFC-included configurations show slightly better economic performance and require less fuel capacity, the overall performance of PEMFC designs are ranked higher in MCDM analysis due to the higher power density.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/288maritime decarbonizationproton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC)phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC)solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC)ship electrification plantmulti-criteria decision making (MCDM) |
| spellingShingle | Onur Yuksel Eduardo Blanco-Davis Andrew Spiteri David Hitchmough Viknash Shagar Maria Carmela Di Piazza Marcello Pucci Nikolaos Tsoulakos Milad Armin Jin Wang Optimising the Design of a Hybrid Fuel Cell/Battery and Waste Heat Recovery System for Retrofitting Ship Power Generation Energies maritime decarbonization proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) ship electrification plant multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) |
| title | Optimising the Design of a Hybrid Fuel Cell/Battery and Waste Heat Recovery System for Retrofitting Ship Power Generation |
| title_full | Optimising the Design of a Hybrid Fuel Cell/Battery and Waste Heat Recovery System for Retrofitting Ship Power Generation |
| title_fullStr | Optimising the Design of a Hybrid Fuel Cell/Battery and Waste Heat Recovery System for Retrofitting Ship Power Generation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimising the Design of a Hybrid Fuel Cell/Battery and Waste Heat Recovery System for Retrofitting Ship Power Generation |
| title_short | Optimising the Design of a Hybrid Fuel Cell/Battery and Waste Heat Recovery System for Retrofitting Ship Power Generation |
| title_sort | optimising the design of a hybrid fuel cell battery and waste heat recovery system for retrofitting ship power generation |
| topic | maritime decarbonization proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) ship electrification plant multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/2/288 |
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