Effect of cooling temperature on machinability and hole quality in cryogenic drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer/titanium alloy (CFRP/Ti) stacks are extensively employed in modern aircraft owing to their outstanding mechanical properties. At present, cryogenic machining is considered an effective method for reducing drilling-induced defects in CFRP/Ti stacks. However, the effect...

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Main Authors: Shunuan Liu, Zhijian Meng, Shiming Liang, Tao Wang, Hao Niu, Bin Luo, Kaifu Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425013699
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author Shunuan Liu
Zhijian Meng
Shiming Liang
Tao Wang
Hao Niu
Bin Luo
Kaifu Zhang
author_facet Shunuan Liu
Zhijian Meng
Shiming Liang
Tao Wang
Hao Niu
Bin Luo
Kaifu Zhang
author_sort Shunuan Liu
collection DOAJ
description Carbon fiber reinforced polymer/titanium alloy (CFRP/Ti) stacks are extensively employed in modern aircraft owing to their outstanding mechanical properties. At present, cryogenic machining is considered an effective method for reducing drilling-induced defects in CFRP/Ti stacks. However, the effect of cooling temperature on machinability and hole quality of CFRP/Ti stacks remains unclear. To address this issue, a comparative cryogenic drilling experiment under different cooling conditions was performed in this paper. Various drilling performance indicators, such as chip formation, thrust force, hole damage, and dimensional accuracy, were quantified and analyzed. Results demonstrate that cooling temperature significantly affects the drilling process of CFRP/Ti stacks. Specifically, as the cooling temperature drops, Ti chips not only tend to break but also become more irregular, particularly at −50 °C, exacerbating CFRP entrance delamination and hole wall scratches. Additionally, lower cooling temperatures cause the CFRP removal mechanism to shift from bending fracture to brittle fracture, reducing fiber/matrix debonding and fiber pull-out. Compared to drilling at room temperature, the most significant improvement in hole quality is achieved at a cooling temperature of −25 °C, with a maximum reduction of 8.24 % in entrance delamination factor and 46.15 % in cylindricity error. Lower hole damage and better dimensional accuracy can be obtained at this temperature and a feed rate of 0.04 mm/rev. The findings of this study provide guidance for high-performance drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks.
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spelling doaj-art-0c7d9825819e40a89878867bfff2f1e12025-08-20T03:19:56ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-05-0136103831039410.1016/j.jmrt.2025.05.213Effect of cooling temperature on machinability and hole quality in cryogenic drilling of CFRP/Ti stacksShunuan Liu0Zhijian Meng1Shiming Liang2Tao Wang3Hao Niu4Bin Luo5Kaifu Zhang6School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Key Laboratory of Aircraft High Performance Assembly, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Key Laboratory of Aeronautics and Astronautics High Performance Assembly of Shaanxi, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Corresponding author. School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Key Laboratory of Aircraft High Performance Assembly, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Key Laboratory of Aeronautics and Astronautics High Performance Assembly of Shaanxi, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Key Laboratory of Aircraft High Performance Assembly, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Key Laboratory of Aeronautics and Astronautics High Performance Assembly of Shaanxi, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Key Laboratory of Aircraft High Performance Assembly, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Key Laboratory of Aeronautics and Astronautics High Performance Assembly of Shaanxi, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Key Laboratory of Aircraft High Performance Assembly, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Key Laboratory of Aeronautics and Astronautics High Performance Assembly of Shaanxi, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Key Laboratory of Aircraft High Performance Assembly, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Key Laboratory of Aeronautics and Astronautics High Performance Assembly of Shaanxi, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, ChinaSchool of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Key Laboratory of Aircraft High Performance Assembly, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China; Key Laboratory of Aeronautics and Astronautics High Performance Assembly of Shaanxi, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, ChinaCarbon fiber reinforced polymer/titanium alloy (CFRP/Ti) stacks are extensively employed in modern aircraft owing to their outstanding mechanical properties. At present, cryogenic machining is considered an effective method for reducing drilling-induced defects in CFRP/Ti stacks. However, the effect of cooling temperature on machinability and hole quality of CFRP/Ti stacks remains unclear. To address this issue, a comparative cryogenic drilling experiment under different cooling conditions was performed in this paper. Various drilling performance indicators, such as chip formation, thrust force, hole damage, and dimensional accuracy, were quantified and analyzed. Results demonstrate that cooling temperature significantly affects the drilling process of CFRP/Ti stacks. Specifically, as the cooling temperature drops, Ti chips not only tend to break but also become more irregular, particularly at −50 °C, exacerbating CFRP entrance delamination and hole wall scratches. Additionally, lower cooling temperatures cause the CFRP removal mechanism to shift from bending fracture to brittle fracture, reducing fiber/matrix debonding and fiber pull-out. Compared to drilling at room temperature, the most significant improvement in hole quality is achieved at a cooling temperature of −25 °C, with a maximum reduction of 8.24 % in entrance delamination factor and 46.15 % in cylindricity error. Lower hole damage and better dimensional accuracy can be obtained at this temperature and a feed rate of 0.04 mm/rev. The findings of this study provide guidance for high-performance drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425013699CFRP/Ti stacksCooling temperatureCryogenic drillingMachinabilityHole damageDimensional accuracy
spellingShingle Shunuan Liu
Zhijian Meng
Shiming Liang
Tao Wang
Hao Niu
Bin Luo
Kaifu Zhang
Effect of cooling temperature on machinability and hole quality in cryogenic drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
CFRP/Ti stacks
Cooling temperature
Cryogenic drilling
Machinability
Hole damage
Dimensional accuracy
title Effect of cooling temperature on machinability and hole quality in cryogenic drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks
title_full Effect of cooling temperature on machinability and hole quality in cryogenic drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks
title_fullStr Effect of cooling temperature on machinability and hole quality in cryogenic drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks
title_full_unstemmed Effect of cooling temperature on machinability and hole quality in cryogenic drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks
title_short Effect of cooling temperature on machinability and hole quality in cryogenic drilling of CFRP/Ti stacks
title_sort effect of cooling temperature on machinability and hole quality in cryogenic drilling of cfrp ti stacks
topic CFRP/Ti stacks
Cooling temperature
Cryogenic drilling
Machinability
Hole damage
Dimensional accuracy
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425013699
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