Nitrate supplementation and athletic performance: a narrative review

This narrative review investigates the impact of nitrate supplementation on physical performance across endurance, intermittent, and strength exercises. Nitrate, ingested through beetroot juice, has shown potential ergogenic benefits, including enhanced vasodilation, mitochondrial efficiency, and mu...

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Main Authors: Isabela Cristina Pimenta Amancio, Isabela Antonucci Pimenta Dias, Elizandra Milagre Couto, Wilson César de Abreu
Format: Article
Language:Portuguese
Published: Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do Exercício 2025-03-01
Series:Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício
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Online Access:https://www.rbpfex.com.br/index.php/rbpfex/article/view/2983
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author Isabela Cristina Pimenta Amancio
Isabela Antonucci Pimenta Dias
Elizandra Milagre Couto
Wilson César de Abreu
author_facet Isabela Cristina Pimenta Amancio
Isabela Antonucci Pimenta Dias
Elizandra Milagre Couto
Wilson César de Abreu
author_sort Isabela Cristina Pimenta Amancio
collection DOAJ
description This narrative review investigates the impact of nitrate supplementation on physical performance across endurance, intermittent, and strength exercises. Nitrate, ingested through beetroot juice, has shown potential ergogenic benefits, including enhanced vasodilation, mitochondrial efficiency, and muscle contractility. Studies indicate that nitrate supplementation can improve time trial performance, power output, and reduce oxygen cost in endurance exercises. For intermittent and strength exercises, findings suggest increased repetitions, total weight lifted, and reduced muscle fatigue. However, variability in study designs, participant characteristics, supplementation protocols, and exercise modalities contribute to mixed results. Additionally, many studies suffer from small sample sizes and short durations, limiting the ability to draw definitive conclusions about long-term effects and safety. Placebo effects and individual variability further complicate the interpretation of results. While some studies suggest clear performance enhancements, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Furthermore, most research predominantly involves male participants, highlighting the need for studies on female athletes. Future research should focus on standardizing protocols, increasing sample sizes, and exploring personalized supplementation strategies. Overall, nitrate supplementation through beetroot juice presents a promising, evidence-based approach to enhancing various aspects of athletic performance, but further investigation is needed.
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language Portuguese
publishDate 2025-03-01
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series Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício
spelling doaj-art-0c5a3ac94cbc42a0bd3d010299c574cb2025-08-20T02:52:47ZporInstituto Brasileiro de Pesquisa e Ensino em Fisiologia do ExercícioRevista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício1981-99002025-03-01191191101232983Nitrate supplementation and athletic performance: a narrative reviewIsabela Cristina Pimenta Amancio0Isabela Antonucci Pimenta Dias1Elizandra Milagre Couto2Wilson César de Abreu3Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil.Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil.Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil.Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brasil.This narrative review investigates the impact of nitrate supplementation on physical performance across endurance, intermittent, and strength exercises. Nitrate, ingested through beetroot juice, has shown potential ergogenic benefits, including enhanced vasodilation, mitochondrial efficiency, and muscle contractility. Studies indicate that nitrate supplementation can improve time trial performance, power output, and reduce oxygen cost in endurance exercises. For intermittent and strength exercises, findings suggest increased repetitions, total weight lifted, and reduced muscle fatigue. However, variability in study designs, participant characteristics, supplementation protocols, and exercise modalities contribute to mixed results. Additionally, many studies suffer from small sample sizes and short durations, limiting the ability to draw definitive conclusions about long-term effects and safety. Placebo effects and individual variability further complicate the interpretation of results. While some studies suggest clear performance enhancements, the precise mechanisms remain unclear. Furthermore, most research predominantly involves male participants, highlighting the need for studies on female athletes. Future research should focus on standardizing protocols, increasing sample sizes, and exploring personalized supplementation strategies. Overall, nitrate supplementation through beetroot juice presents a promising, evidence-based approach to enhancing various aspects of athletic performance, but further investigation is needed.https://www.rbpfex.com.br/index.php/rbpfex/article/view/2983beetroot juicephysical performanceergogenic aidsnitric oxidesports nutrition
spellingShingle Isabela Cristina Pimenta Amancio
Isabela Antonucci Pimenta Dias
Elizandra Milagre Couto
Wilson César de Abreu
Nitrate supplementation and athletic performance: a narrative review
Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício
beetroot juice
physical performance
ergogenic aids
nitric oxide
sports nutrition
title Nitrate supplementation and athletic performance: a narrative review
title_full Nitrate supplementation and athletic performance: a narrative review
title_fullStr Nitrate supplementation and athletic performance: a narrative review
title_full_unstemmed Nitrate supplementation and athletic performance: a narrative review
title_short Nitrate supplementation and athletic performance: a narrative review
title_sort nitrate supplementation and athletic performance a narrative review
topic beetroot juice
physical performance
ergogenic aids
nitric oxide
sports nutrition
url https://www.rbpfex.com.br/index.php/rbpfex/article/view/2983
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AT isabelaantonuccipimentadias nitratesupplementationandathleticperformanceanarrativereview
AT elizandramilagrecouto nitratesupplementationandathleticperformanceanarrativereview
AT wilsoncesardeabreu nitratesupplementationandathleticperformanceanarrativereview