Simulation of stochastic transport and deposition of seed runaway electrons during disruption mitigation
Runaway electrons (REs) during the Current Quench can significantly impact the operational limits and component lifetime of future high-performance tokamaks such as ITER. Localized, uncontrolled REs deposition can result in serious damage to first wall surfaces and structures in the devices, especia...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nuclear Fusion |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adf3c9 |
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| _version_ | 1849338037810495488 |
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| author | Yuxiang Sun Bo Li Feng Wang Di Hu Yue Yuan Long Cheng Yuhao Li the JOREK Team |
| author_facet | Yuxiang Sun Bo Li Feng Wang Di Hu Yue Yuan Long Cheng Yuhao Li the JOREK Team |
| author_sort | Yuxiang Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Runaway electrons (REs) during the Current Quench can significantly impact the operational limits and component lifetime of future high-performance tokamaks such as ITER. Localized, uncontrolled REs deposition can result in serious damage to first wall surfaces and structures in the devices, especially if the REs replaces the bulk electrons as the main current carrier. One way to avoid such current replacement is to deplete the seed REs within the plasma through stochastic trajectory loss before they have time to avalanche. To investigate such stochastic transport behavior as part of the ITER disruption mitigation scheme, we carry out guiding center simulations of the seed REs with conservative higher-order magnetic moments using the PTC code based on fluid fields produced by JOREK simulations. We focus on an ITER plasma after Shattered Pellet Injection, which experiences breaking-up and healing of flux surfaces, and investigate the RE transport properties as the stochasticity evolves. Self-similar density profiles and exponential decay of seed REs are found for cases with sufficiently stochastic magnetic field. The diffusion of seed REs with various momentum, pitch angle and initial location is investigated and their corresponding transport coefficients are obtained statistically through the simulations and compared with the effective RE radial flux. We also examine their timescale of loss and compare it with that of the RE avalanche to estimate the efficiency of stochastic RE depletion during the mitigation process. Finally, using a realistic 2D wall, we present the deposition pattern of REs on the first wall to estimate its asymmetry. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0c2cf2ed304e4a04bf59520128861f2e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0029-5515 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nuclear Fusion |
| spelling | doaj-art-0c2cf2ed304e4a04bf59520128861f2e2025-08-20T03:44:32ZengIOP PublishingNuclear Fusion0029-55152025-01-0165808605010.1088/1741-4326/adf3c9Simulation of stochastic transport and deposition of seed runaway electrons during disruption mitigationYuxiang Sun0https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3987-0457Bo Li1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9121-8253Feng Wang2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0028-8633Di Hu3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7099-5734Yue Yuan4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7983-5347Long Cheng5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3537-784XYuhao Li6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0432-9861the JOREK TeamBeihang University , Beijing 100191, ChinaBeihang University , Beijing 100191, ChinaDalian University of Technology , Dalian 1162024, ChinaBeihang University , Beijing 100191, ChinaBeihang University , Beijing 100191, ChinaBeihang University , Beijing 100191, ChinaBeihang University , Beijing 100191, ChinaRunaway electrons (REs) during the Current Quench can significantly impact the operational limits and component lifetime of future high-performance tokamaks such as ITER. Localized, uncontrolled REs deposition can result in serious damage to first wall surfaces and structures in the devices, especially if the REs replaces the bulk electrons as the main current carrier. One way to avoid such current replacement is to deplete the seed REs within the plasma through stochastic trajectory loss before they have time to avalanche. To investigate such stochastic transport behavior as part of the ITER disruption mitigation scheme, we carry out guiding center simulations of the seed REs with conservative higher-order magnetic moments using the PTC code based on fluid fields produced by JOREK simulations. We focus on an ITER plasma after Shattered Pellet Injection, which experiences breaking-up and healing of flux surfaces, and investigate the RE transport properties as the stochasticity evolves. Self-similar density profiles and exponential decay of seed REs are found for cases with sufficiently stochastic magnetic field. The diffusion of seed REs with various momentum, pitch angle and initial location is investigated and their corresponding transport coefficients are obtained statistically through the simulations and compared with the effective RE radial flux. We also examine their timescale of loss and compare it with that of the RE avalanche to estimate the efficiency of stochastic RE depletion during the mitigation process. Finally, using a realistic 2D wall, we present the deposition pattern of REs on the first wall to estimate its asymmetry.https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adf3c9runaway electronguiding-centertransportstochastic magnetic field |
| spellingShingle | Yuxiang Sun Bo Li Feng Wang Di Hu Yue Yuan Long Cheng Yuhao Li the JOREK Team Simulation of stochastic transport and deposition of seed runaway electrons during disruption mitigation Nuclear Fusion runaway electron guiding-center transport stochastic magnetic field |
| title | Simulation of stochastic transport and deposition of seed runaway electrons during disruption mitigation |
| title_full | Simulation of stochastic transport and deposition of seed runaway electrons during disruption mitigation |
| title_fullStr | Simulation of stochastic transport and deposition of seed runaway electrons during disruption mitigation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simulation of stochastic transport and deposition of seed runaway electrons during disruption mitigation |
| title_short | Simulation of stochastic transport and deposition of seed runaway electrons during disruption mitigation |
| title_sort | simulation of stochastic transport and deposition of seed runaway electrons during disruption mitigation |
| topic | runaway electron guiding-center transport stochastic magnetic field |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/adf3c9 |
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