Microvascular abnormalities between anti-TIF1-γ-associated dermatomyositis with and without malignancy

Abstract Background Dermatomyositis (DM) is an immune-mediated myopathy characterized by proximal muscle weakness, inflammation, and cutaneous manifestations. Up to 25% of DM patients have an associated malignancy. Those with cancer-associated DM often face worse prognoses, poorer treatment response...

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Main Authors: Sehreen Mumtaz, Jordan Phillipps, Megan M. Sullivan, Maximiliano Diaz-Menindez, Benjamin Wang, Vikas Majithia, Emily Craver, Florentina Berianu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Rheumatology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41927-025-00504-z
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author Sehreen Mumtaz
Jordan Phillipps
Megan M. Sullivan
Maximiliano Diaz-Menindez
Benjamin Wang
Vikas Majithia
Emily Craver
Florentina Berianu
author_facet Sehreen Mumtaz
Jordan Phillipps
Megan M. Sullivan
Maximiliano Diaz-Menindez
Benjamin Wang
Vikas Majithia
Emily Craver
Florentina Berianu
author_sort Sehreen Mumtaz
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Dermatomyositis (DM) is an immune-mediated myopathy characterized by proximal muscle weakness, inflammation, and cutaneous manifestations. Up to 25% of DM patients have an associated malignancy. Those with cancer-associated DM often face worse prognoses, poorer treatment responses, and reduced survival rates. Interestingly, anti TIF1γ-positive DM patients are notably at increased risk for malignancy, yet the underlying mechanisms and clinical correlation remain poorly understood. Nailfold video capillaroscopy (NVC) is a safe, non-invasive method for assessing vascular abnormalities, previously explored in various DM subsets but not specifically in anti TIF1γ-positive DM patients with malignancy. This study aims to characterize NVC findings in anti-TIF1γ-positive DM and assess their clinical relevance, particularly in malignancy-associated cases. Methods A retrospective review at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville from January 1st, 2010 to May 16th, 2024 was conducted. 19 cases with anti TIF1γ-positive DM and 18 idiopathic inflammatory myopathy controls were included. Results We observed anti TIF1γ-positive DM cases to have significantly increased capillary density loss and higher microhemorrhages (p = 0.057). Cases also had higher frequencies of dilated capillaries, capillary ramifications, and capillary disorganization. Although no statistically significant differences in NVC pattern were identified in cancer vs. non-cancer anti TIF1γ-positive DM, there were greater hemorrhages and ramifications noted in the cancer anti TIF1γ-positive subset. Conclusion This study investigated NVC differences among anti TIF1γ-positive DM with malignancies versus idiopathic inflammatory myopathy controls. Our findings indicate promising microvascular differences with a potential for predicting cancer development that warrant further exploration in larger studies. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
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spelling doaj-art-0c2cd17b47c04ea68c5ebfe1d44301ff2025-08-20T01:49:35ZengBMCBMC Rheumatology2520-10262025-05-01911910.1186/s41927-025-00504-zMicrovascular abnormalities between anti-TIF1-γ-associated dermatomyositis with and without malignancySehreen Mumtaz0Jordan Phillipps1Megan M. Sullivan2Maximiliano Diaz-Menindez3Benjamin Wang4Vikas Majithia5Emily Craver6Florentina Berianu7Department of Rheumatology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Dermatology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Rheumatology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Rheumatology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Rheumatology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Rheumatology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Rheumatology, Mayo ClinicDepartment of Rheumatology, Mayo ClinicAbstract Background Dermatomyositis (DM) is an immune-mediated myopathy characterized by proximal muscle weakness, inflammation, and cutaneous manifestations. Up to 25% of DM patients have an associated malignancy. Those with cancer-associated DM often face worse prognoses, poorer treatment responses, and reduced survival rates. Interestingly, anti TIF1γ-positive DM patients are notably at increased risk for malignancy, yet the underlying mechanisms and clinical correlation remain poorly understood. Nailfold video capillaroscopy (NVC) is a safe, non-invasive method for assessing vascular abnormalities, previously explored in various DM subsets but not specifically in anti TIF1γ-positive DM patients with malignancy. This study aims to characterize NVC findings in anti-TIF1γ-positive DM and assess their clinical relevance, particularly in malignancy-associated cases. Methods A retrospective review at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville from January 1st, 2010 to May 16th, 2024 was conducted. 19 cases with anti TIF1γ-positive DM and 18 idiopathic inflammatory myopathy controls were included. Results We observed anti TIF1γ-positive DM cases to have significantly increased capillary density loss and higher microhemorrhages (p = 0.057). Cases also had higher frequencies of dilated capillaries, capillary ramifications, and capillary disorganization. Although no statistically significant differences in NVC pattern were identified in cancer vs. non-cancer anti TIF1γ-positive DM, there were greater hemorrhages and ramifications noted in the cancer anti TIF1γ-positive subset. Conclusion This study investigated NVC differences among anti TIF1γ-positive DM with malignancies versus idiopathic inflammatory myopathy controls. Our findings indicate promising microvascular differences with a potential for predicting cancer development that warrant further exploration in larger studies. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41927-025-00504-zDermatomyositis (DM)Anti-transcription intermediary factor-1gamma (TIF)Nailfold video capillaroscopy (NVC)MalignancyCancerMyositis-specific autoantibody (MSA)
spellingShingle Sehreen Mumtaz
Jordan Phillipps
Megan M. Sullivan
Maximiliano Diaz-Menindez
Benjamin Wang
Vikas Majithia
Emily Craver
Florentina Berianu
Microvascular abnormalities between anti-TIF1-γ-associated dermatomyositis with and without malignancy
BMC Rheumatology
Dermatomyositis (DM)
Anti-transcription intermediary factor-1gamma (TIF)
Nailfold video capillaroscopy (NVC)
Malignancy
Cancer
Myositis-specific autoantibody (MSA)
title Microvascular abnormalities between anti-TIF1-γ-associated dermatomyositis with and without malignancy
title_full Microvascular abnormalities between anti-TIF1-γ-associated dermatomyositis with and without malignancy
title_fullStr Microvascular abnormalities between anti-TIF1-γ-associated dermatomyositis with and without malignancy
title_full_unstemmed Microvascular abnormalities between anti-TIF1-γ-associated dermatomyositis with and without malignancy
title_short Microvascular abnormalities between anti-TIF1-γ-associated dermatomyositis with and without malignancy
title_sort microvascular abnormalities between anti tif1 γ associated dermatomyositis with and without malignancy
topic Dermatomyositis (DM)
Anti-transcription intermediary factor-1gamma (TIF)
Nailfold video capillaroscopy (NVC)
Malignancy
Cancer
Myositis-specific autoantibody (MSA)
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s41927-025-00504-z
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