Putative Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inducers Enhance Triacylglycerol Accumulation in <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i>
<i>Chlorella</i>, recognized for its high lipid and protein content, is increasingly studied for its potential in the food and bio industries. To enhance its production and understand the underlying mechanisms of lipid accumulation, this study investigated the role of endoplasmic reticul...
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2025-04-01
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| author | Yoomi Roh Sujeong Je Naeun Sheen Chang Hun Shin Yasuyo Yamaoka |
| author_facet | Yoomi Roh Sujeong Je Naeun Sheen Chang Hun Shin Yasuyo Yamaoka |
| author_sort | Yoomi Roh |
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| description | <i>Chlorella</i>, recognized for its high lipid and protein content, is increasingly studied for its potential in the food and bio industries. To enhance its production and understand the underlying mechanisms of lipid accumulation, this study investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in modulating lipid metabolism in <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> UTEX 2714, using six putative ER stress inducers: 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), dithiothreitol (DTT), tunicamycin (TM), thapsigargin (TG), brefeldin A (BFA), and monensin (Mon). The results showed that 2-DG, DTT, TM, BFA, and Mon significantly inhibited cell growth in <i>C. sorokiniana</i>. Treatment with 2-DG, DTT, TM, BFA, or Mon resulted in substantial increases in the triacylglycerol (TAG) to total fatty acid (tFA) ratio, with fold changes of 14.8, 7.9, 6.2, 10.1, and 8.9, respectively. Among the tFAs, cells treated with these compounds exhibited higher levels of saturated fatty acids and lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In contrast, the fatty acid composition of TAGs showed the opposite trend, with relative enrichment in PUFAs. This study enhances our understanding of <i>Chlorella</i> lipid metabolism, providing valuable insights for optimizing lipid production, particularly TAGs enriched with PUFA content, for applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and sustainable bioresources. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-0c227da7dadb4ad0ae2ffb5d60a678642025-08-20T02:33:43ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542025-04-0112545210.3390/bioengineering12050452Putative Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inducers Enhance Triacylglycerol Accumulation in <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i>Yoomi Roh0Sujeong Je1Naeun Sheen2Chang Hun Shin3Yasuyo Yamaoka4Division of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of KoreaDivision of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of KoreaChong Kun Dang Bio (CKDBiO) Research Institute, Ansan 15604, Republic of KoreaChong Kun Dang Bio (CKDBiO) Research Institute, Ansan 15604, Republic of KoreaDivision of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon 14662, Republic of Korea<i>Chlorella</i>, recognized for its high lipid and protein content, is increasingly studied for its potential in the food and bio industries. To enhance its production and understand the underlying mechanisms of lipid accumulation, this study investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in modulating lipid metabolism in <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> UTEX 2714, using six putative ER stress inducers: 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), dithiothreitol (DTT), tunicamycin (TM), thapsigargin (TG), brefeldin A (BFA), and monensin (Mon). The results showed that 2-DG, DTT, TM, BFA, and Mon significantly inhibited cell growth in <i>C. sorokiniana</i>. Treatment with 2-DG, DTT, TM, BFA, or Mon resulted in substantial increases in the triacylglycerol (TAG) to total fatty acid (tFA) ratio, with fold changes of 14.8, 7.9, 6.2, 10.1, and 8.9, respectively. Among the tFAs, cells treated with these compounds exhibited higher levels of saturated fatty acids and lower levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In contrast, the fatty acid composition of TAGs showed the opposite trend, with relative enrichment in PUFAs. This study enhances our understanding of <i>Chlorella</i> lipid metabolism, providing valuable insights for optimizing lipid production, particularly TAGs enriched with PUFA content, for applications in functional foods, nutraceuticals, and sustainable bioresources.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/5/452<i>Chlorella</i>ER stresslipidTAG |
| spellingShingle | Yoomi Roh Sujeong Je Naeun Sheen Chang Hun Shin Yasuyo Yamaoka Putative Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inducers Enhance Triacylglycerol Accumulation in <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> Bioengineering <i>Chlorella</i> ER stress lipid TAG |
| title | Putative Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inducers Enhance Triacylglycerol Accumulation in <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> |
| title_full | Putative Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inducers Enhance Triacylglycerol Accumulation in <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> |
| title_fullStr | Putative Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inducers Enhance Triacylglycerol Accumulation in <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Putative Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inducers Enhance Triacylglycerol Accumulation in <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> |
| title_short | Putative Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inducers Enhance Triacylglycerol Accumulation in <i>Chlorella sorokiniana</i> |
| title_sort | putative endoplasmic reticulum stress inducers enhance triacylglycerol accumulation in i chlorella sorokiniana i |
| topic | <i>Chlorella</i> ER stress lipid TAG |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/5/452 |
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