Analysis of the effect of caffeine on the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes by integrated methods

The study evaluated caffeine's impact on wastewater treatment processes and developed an optimized technological chain. Biological treatment with activated sludge, activated carbon sorption, membrane filtration, and sanitization with ozone and UV were examined. Caffeine positively influenced mi...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Angelika Skorupa, Małgorzata Worwąg, Mariusz Kowalczyk
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-04-01
Series:Desalination and Water Treatment
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625002140
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849472447612452864
author Angelika Skorupa
Małgorzata Worwąg
Mariusz Kowalczyk
author_facet Angelika Skorupa
Małgorzata Worwąg
Mariusz Kowalczyk
author_sort Angelika Skorupa
collection DOAJ
description The study evaluated caffeine's impact on wastewater treatment processes and developed an optimized technological chain. Biological treatment with activated sludge, activated carbon sorption, membrane filtration, and sanitization with ozone and UV were examined. Caffeine positively influenced microorganism activity but hindered pollutant separation. An optimal Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 10 days in the sequential biological reactor achieved reductions of total organic carbon (TOC) by 86–91 %, ammonium nitrogen by 41–63 %, phosphates by 64–65 %, and turbidity by 28–69 %. Activated carbon sorption further reduced TOC (67–89 %), ammonium nitrogen (72–81 %), and turbidity (69–77 %), preparing samples for membrane filtration. The 0.2 µm membrane was more effective than the 0.45 µm one, achieving TOC reductions of up to 40 % and turbidity reductions of 32–89 %. Ozonation and UV sanitization for 15 min each effectively removed pathogens without compromising wastewater quality. The proposed process chain is simple, scalable, and adapted to the needs of the industry, especially in sectors generating wastewater containing caffeine, such as the coffee industry. The possibility of water recovery and reduction of operating costs is consistent with the assumptions of the circular economy. The research emphasizes the need for further optimization of process parameters and tests in real industrial conditions.
format Article
id doaj-art-0c21305898ec4bde90b3c07ad4d66eb7
institution Kabale University
issn 1944-3986
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Desalination and Water Treatment
spelling doaj-art-0c21305898ec4bde90b3c07ad4d66eb72025-08-20T03:24:32ZengElsevierDesalination and Water Treatment1944-39862025-04-0132210119810.1016/j.dwt.2025.101198Analysis of the effect of caffeine on the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes by integrated methodsAngelika Skorupa0Małgorzata Worwąg1Mariusz Kowalczyk2Corresponding author.; Faculty of Infrastructure and Environmental, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa 42-200, PolandFaculty of Infrastructure and Environmental, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa 42-200, PolandFaculty of Infrastructure and Environmental, Czestochowa University of Technology, Czestochowa 42-200, PolandThe study evaluated caffeine's impact on wastewater treatment processes and developed an optimized technological chain. Biological treatment with activated sludge, activated carbon sorption, membrane filtration, and sanitization with ozone and UV were examined. Caffeine positively influenced microorganism activity but hindered pollutant separation. An optimal Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of 10 days in the sequential biological reactor achieved reductions of total organic carbon (TOC) by 86–91 %, ammonium nitrogen by 41–63 %, phosphates by 64–65 %, and turbidity by 28–69 %. Activated carbon sorption further reduced TOC (67–89 %), ammonium nitrogen (72–81 %), and turbidity (69–77 %), preparing samples for membrane filtration. The 0.2 µm membrane was more effective than the 0.45 µm one, achieving TOC reductions of up to 40 % and turbidity reductions of 32–89 %. Ozonation and UV sanitization for 15 min each effectively removed pathogens without compromising wastewater quality. The proposed process chain is simple, scalable, and adapted to the needs of the industry, especially in sectors generating wastewater containing caffeine, such as the coffee industry. The possibility of water recovery and reduction of operating costs is consistent with the assumptions of the circular economy. The research emphasizes the need for further optimization of process parameters and tests in real industrial conditions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625002140Wastewater treatmentSequencing batch reactor (SBR)CaffeineActivated carbonMembranesSanitization
spellingShingle Angelika Skorupa
Małgorzata Worwąg
Mariusz Kowalczyk
Analysis of the effect of caffeine on the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes by integrated methods
Desalination and Water Treatment
Wastewater treatment
Sequencing batch reactor (SBR)
Caffeine
Activated carbon
Membranes
Sanitization
title Analysis of the effect of caffeine on the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes by integrated methods
title_full Analysis of the effect of caffeine on the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes by integrated methods
title_fullStr Analysis of the effect of caffeine on the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes by integrated methods
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of the effect of caffeine on the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes by integrated methods
title_short Analysis of the effect of caffeine on the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes by integrated methods
title_sort analysis of the effect of caffeine on the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes by integrated methods
topic Wastewater treatment
Sequencing batch reactor (SBR)
Caffeine
Activated carbon
Membranes
Sanitization
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1944398625002140
work_keys_str_mv AT angelikaskorupa analysisoftheeffectofcaffeineontheefficiencyofwastewatertreatmentprocessesbyintegratedmethods
AT małgorzataworwag analysisoftheeffectofcaffeineontheefficiencyofwastewatertreatmentprocessesbyintegratedmethods
AT mariuszkowalczyk analysisoftheeffectofcaffeineontheefficiencyofwastewatertreatmentprocessesbyintegratedmethods