Identification and validation of NETs-related biomarkers in active tuberculosis through bioinformatics analysis and machine learning algorithms

Identification and validation of NETs-related biomarkers in active tuberculosis through bioinformatics analysis and machine learning algorithms

IntroductionDiagnostic delays in tuberculosis (TB) threaten global control efforts, necessitating early detection of active TB (ATB). This study explores neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as key mediators of TB immunopathology to identify NETs-related biomarkers for differentiating ATB from late...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shengfang Xia, Qi An, Rui Lin, Yalan Tu, Zhu Chen, Dongmei Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
active tuberculosis (ATB)
latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)
diagnosis
neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs)
machine learning
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1599667/full
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Summary:IntroductionDiagnostic delays in tuberculosis (TB) threaten global control efforts, necessitating early detection of active TB (ATB). This study explores neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) as key mediators of TB immunopathology to identify NETs-related biomarkers for differentiating ATB from latent TB infection (LTBI).MethodsWe analyzed transcriptomic datasets (GSE19491, GSE62525, GSE28623) using differential expression analysis (|log, FC| ≥ 0.585, adj. p < 0.05), immune cell profiling (CIBERSORT), and machine learning (SVM-RFE, LASSO, Random Forest). Regulatory networks and drug-target interactions were predicted using NetworkAnalyst, Tarbase, and DGIdb.ResultsWe identified three hub genes (CD274, IRF1, HPSE) showing high diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.865-0.98, sensitivity/specificity >80%) validated through ROC/precision-recall curves. IRF1 and HPSE correlated with neutrophil infiltration (r > 0.6, p < 0.001), suggesting roles in NETosis. FOXC1, GATA2, and hsa-miR-106a-5p emerged as core regulators, and 46 candidate drugs (e.g., PD-1 inhibitors, heparin) were prioritized for repurposing.DiscussionCD274, IRF1, and HPSE represent promising NETs-derived diagnostic biomarkers for ATB. Their dual roles in neutrophil-mediated immunity highlight therapeutic potential, though drug predictions require preclinical validation. Future studies should leverage spatial omics and CRISPR screening to elucidate mechanistic pathways.
ISSN:1664-3224

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