Harnessing animal model and computational experiments to discover antidiabetic compounds in Ficus racemosa

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health concern caused by poor blood sugar regulation. Despite oral hypoglycemic medications, diabetes and its complications remain clinically serious. Using animal models and in silico research, the antidiabetic potential of Ficus racemosa (F. ra...

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Main Authors: Mohammad Uzzal Hossain, A. B. Z. Naimur Rahman, Md. Shahadat Hossain, Shajib Dey, Zeshan Mahmud Chowdhury, Arittra Bhattacharjee, Ishtiaque Ahammad, Mohammad Kamrul Hasan, Istiak Ahmed, Md. Billal Hosen, Keshob Chandra Das, Chaman Ara Keya, Md. Salimullah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04845-7
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author Mohammad Uzzal Hossain
A. B. Z. Naimur Rahman
Md. Shahadat Hossain
Shajib Dey
Zeshan Mahmud Chowdhury
Arittra Bhattacharjee
Ishtiaque Ahammad
Mohammad Kamrul Hasan
Istiak Ahmed
Md. Billal Hosen
Keshob Chandra Das
Chaman Ara Keya
Md. Salimullah
author_facet Mohammad Uzzal Hossain
A. B. Z. Naimur Rahman
Md. Shahadat Hossain
Shajib Dey
Zeshan Mahmud Chowdhury
Arittra Bhattacharjee
Ishtiaque Ahammad
Mohammad Kamrul Hasan
Istiak Ahmed
Md. Billal Hosen
Keshob Chandra Das
Chaman Ara Keya
Md. Salimullah
author_sort Mohammad Uzzal Hossain
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health concern caused by poor blood sugar regulation. Despite oral hypoglycemic medications, diabetes and its complications remain clinically serious. Using animal models and in silico research, the antidiabetic potential of Ficus racemosa (F. racemosa) has been assessed in this study. Materials and methods The methanol extract of F. racemosa fruits was prepared using suitable methods. After injecting Alloxan (150 mg/kg) into Swiss Albino mice to cause diabetes, both diabetic and non-diabetic animals underwent OGTT and acute toxicity testing. The antihyperglycemic action was assessed by administering oral doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg of the methanol extract of F. racemosa fruit, as well as 5 mg/kg of glibenclamide. Subsequently, in silico techniques such as ADMET profiling, molecular docking, and simulations were employed. Results The findings from this study suggest that mice have tolerated doses under 3000 mg/kg without death or side effects. In mice model, both doses of F. racemosa extracts effectively reduced blood glucose (BGL) after 7 days of oral administration. Molecular docking and simulations demonstrated that the SIRT1 receptor had a greater affinity for friedelin, lupeol acetate, gluanol, and ferulic acid. The molecular dynamics demonstrated that all the compounds are stable to the receptors, as revealed by RMSD, RMSF, Rg and SASA parameters. Conclusion This study found that F. racemosa fruit extract significantly reduced hyperglycemia. Furthermore, four compounds may significantly contribute to the treatment of diabetes by reducing blood glucose levels. Thus, the findings of the current study may strengthen future research in the identification of antidiabetic compounds.
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spelling doaj-art-0bf3d943f08445dcb95590d7a597958d2025-08-20T03:37:23ZengBMCBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies2662-76712025-07-0125111610.1186/s12906-025-04845-7Harnessing animal model and computational experiments to discover antidiabetic compounds in Ficus racemosaMohammad Uzzal Hossain0A. B. Z. Naimur Rahman1Md. Shahadat Hossain2Shajib Dey3Zeshan Mahmud Chowdhury4Arittra Bhattacharjee5Ishtiaque Ahammad6Mohammad Kamrul Hasan7Istiak Ahmed8Md. Billal Hosen9Keshob Chandra Das10Chaman Ara Keya11Md. Salimullah12Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, GanakbariDepartment of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology UniversityDepartment of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science and Technology UniversityDepartment of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, BRAC UniversityBioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, GanakbariBioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, GanakbariBioinformatics Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, GanakbariFisheries Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, GanakbariDepartment of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology UniversityDepartment of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology UniversityMolecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, GanakbariDepartment of Biochemistry and Microbiology, North South UniversityMolecular Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, GanakbariAbstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health concern caused by poor blood sugar regulation. Despite oral hypoglycemic medications, diabetes and its complications remain clinically serious. Using animal models and in silico research, the antidiabetic potential of Ficus racemosa (F. racemosa) has been assessed in this study. Materials and methods The methanol extract of F. racemosa fruits was prepared using suitable methods. After injecting Alloxan (150 mg/kg) into Swiss Albino mice to cause diabetes, both diabetic and non-diabetic animals underwent OGTT and acute toxicity testing. The antihyperglycemic action was assessed by administering oral doses of 300 and 500 mg/kg of the methanol extract of F. racemosa fruit, as well as 5 mg/kg of glibenclamide. Subsequently, in silico techniques such as ADMET profiling, molecular docking, and simulations were employed. Results The findings from this study suggest that mice have tolerated doses under 3000 mg/kg without death or side effects. In mice model, both doses of F. racemosa extracts effectively reduced blood glucose (BGL) after 7 days of oral administration. Molecular docking and simulations demonstrated that the SIRT1 receptor had a greater affinity for friedelin, lupeol acetate, gluanol, and ferulic acid. The molecular dynamics demonstrated that all the compounds are stable to the receptors, as revealed by RMSD, RMSF, Rg and SASA parameters. Conclusion This study found that F. racemosa fruit extract significantly reduced hyperglycemia. Furthermore, four compounds may significantly contribute to the treatment of diabetes by reducing blood glucose levels. Thus, the findings of the current study may strengthen future research in the identification of antidiabetic compounds.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04845-7Diabetes mellitusFicus racemosaMice modelOGTTDiabetic treatment
spellingShingle Mohammad Uzzal Hossain
A. B. Z. Naimur Rahman
Md. Shahadat Hossain
Shajib Dey
Zeshan Mahmud Chowdhury
Arittra Bhattacharjee
Ishtiaque Ahammad
Mohammad Kamrul Hasan
Istiak Ahmed
Md. Billal Hosen
Keshob Chandra Das
Chaman Ara Keya
Md. Salimullah
Harnessing animal model and computational experiments to discover antidiabetic compounds in Ficus racemosa
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Diabetes mellitus
Ficus racemosa
Mice model
OGTT
Diabetic treatment
title Harnessing animal model and computational experiments to discover antidiabetic compounds in Ficus racemosa
title_full Harnessing animal model and computational experiments to discover antidiabetic compounds in Ficus racemosa
title_fullStr Harnessing animal model and computational experiments to discover antidiabetic compounds in Ficus racemosa
title_full_unstemmed Harnessing animal model and computational experiments to discover antidiabetic compounds in Ficus racemosa
title_short Harnessing animal model and computational experiments to discover antidiabetic compounds in Ficus racemosa
title_sort harnessing animal model and computational experiments to discover antidiabetic compounds in ficus racemosa
topic Diabetes mellitus
Ficus racemosa
Mice model
OGTT
Diabetic treatment
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04845-7
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