Advances in bio-polymer coatings for probiotic microencapsulation: chitosan and beyond for enhanced stability and controlled release
This review paper analyzes recent advancements in bio-polymer coatings for probiotic microencapsulation, with a particular emphasis on chitosan and its synergistic combinations with other materials. Probiotic microencapsulation is essential for protecting probiotics from environmental stresses, enha...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Designed Monomers and Polymers |
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2024.2448122 |
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| author | Great Iruoghene Edo Alice Njolke Mafe Nawar. F. Razooqi Ebuka Chukwuma Umelo Tayser Sumer Gaaz Endurance Fegor Isoje Ufuoma Augustina Igbuku Patrick Othuke Akpoghelie Rapheal Ajiri Opiti Arthur Efeoghene Athan Essaghah Dina S. Ahmed Huzaifa Umar Dilber Uzun Ozsahin |
| author_facet | Great Iruoghene Edo Alice Njolke Mafe Nawar. F. Razooqi Ebuka Chukwuma Umelo Tayser Sumer Gaaz Endurance Fegor Isoje Ufuoma Augustina Igbuku Patrick Othuke Akpoghelie Rapheal Ajiri Opiti Arthur Efeoghene Athan Essaghah Dina S. Ahmed Huzaifa Umar Dilber Uzun Ozsahin |
| author_sort | Great Iruoghene Edo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This review paper analyzes recent advancements in bio-polymer coatings for probiotic microencapsulation, with a particular emphasis on chitosan and its synergistic combinations with other materials. Probiotic microencapsulation is essential for protecting probiotics from environmental stresses, enhancing their stability, and ensuring effective delivery to the gut. The review begins with an overview of probiotic microencapsulation, highlighting its significance in safeguarding probiotics through processing, storage, and gastrointestinal transit. Advances in chitosan-based encapsulation are explored, including the integration of chitosan with other bio-polymers such as alginate, gelatin, and pectin, as well as the application of nanotechnology and innovative encapsulation techniques like spray drying and layer-by-layer assembly. Detailed mechanistic insights are integrated, illustrating how chitosan influences gut microbiota by promoting beneficial bacteria and suppressing pathogens, thus enhancing its role as a prebiotic or synbiotic. Furthermore, the review delves into chitosan’s immunomodulatory effects, particularly in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autoimmune diseases, describing the immune signaling pathways influenced by chitosan and linking gut microbiota changes to improvements in systemic immunity. Recent clinical trials and human studies assessing the efficacy of chitosan-coated probiotics are presented, alongside a discussion of practical applications and a comparison of in vitro and in vivo findings to highlight real-world relevance. The sustainability of chitosan sources and their environmental impact are addressed, along with the novel concept of chitosan’s role in the gut-brain axis. Finally, the review emphasizes future research needs, including the development of personalized probiotic therapies and the exploration of novel bio-polymers and encapsulation techniques. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0be4551108a54e59bd453e833eeb3bce |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1385-772X 1568-5551 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Designed Monomers and Polymers |
| spelling | doaj-art-0be4551108a54e59bd453e833eeb3bce2025-08-20T02:42:57ZengTaylor & Francis GroupDesigned Monomers and Polymers1385-772X1568-55512025-12-0128113410.1080/15685551.2024.24481222448122Advances in bio-polymer coatings for probiotic microencapsulation: chitosan and beyond for enhanced stability and controlled releaseGreat Iruoghene Edo0Alice Njolke Mafe1Nawar. F. Razooqi2Ebuka Chukwuma Umelo3Tayser Sumer Gaaz4Endurance Fegor Isoje5Ufuoma Augustina Igbuku6Patrick Othuke Akpoghelie7Rapheal Ajiri Opiti8Arthur Efeoghene Athan Essaghah9Dina S. Ahmed10Huzaifa Umar11Dilber Uzun Ozsahin12Delta State University of Science and TechnologyTaraba State University JalingoAl-Nahrain UniversityCyprus International UniversityAl-Mustaqbal UniversityDelta State University of Science and TechnologyDelta State University of Science and TechnologyDelta State University of Science and TechnologyDelta State University of Science and TechnologyDelta State University of Science and TechnologyMiddle Technical UniversityNear East UniversityNear East UniversityThis review paper analyzes recent advancements in bio-polymer coatings for probiotic microencapsulation, with a particular emphasis on chitosan and its synergistic combinations with other materials. Probiotic microencapsulation is essential for protecting probiotics from environmental stresses, enhancing their stability, and ensuring effective delivery to the gut. The review begins with an overview of probiotic microencapsulation, highlighting its significance in safeguarding probiotics through processing, storage, and gastrointestinal transit. Advances in chitosan-based encapsulation are explored, including the integration of chitosan with other bio-polymers such as alginate, gelatin, and pectin, as well as the application of nanotechnology and innovative encapsulation techniques like spray drying and layer-by-layer assembly. Detailed mechanistic insights are integrated, illustrating how chitosan influences gut microbiota by promoting beneficial bacteria and suppressing pathogens, thus enhancing its role as a prebiotic or synbiotic. Furthermore, the review delves into chitosan’s immunomodulatory effects, particularly in the context of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and autoimmune diseases, describing the immune signaling pathways influenced by chitosan and linking gut microbiota changes to improvements in systemic immunity. Recent clinical trials and human studies assessing the efficacy of chitosan-coated probiotics are presented, alongside a discussion of practical applications and a comparison of in vitro and in vivo findings to highlight real-world relevance. The sustainability of chitosan sources and their environmental impact are addressed, along with the novel concept of chitosan’s role in the gut-brain axis. Finally, the review emphasizes future research needs, including the development of personalized probiotic therapies and the exploration of novel bio-polymers and encapsulation techniques.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2024.2448122bio-polymer coatingsprobiotic microencapsulationchitosancontrolled releasestability enhancement |
| spellingShingle | Great Iruoghene Edo Alice Njolke Mafe Nawar. F. Razooqi Ebuka Chukwuma Umelo Tayser Sumer Gaaz Endurance Fegor Isoje Ufuoma Augustina Igbuku Patrick Othuke Akpoghelie Rapheal Ajiri Opiti Arthur Efeoghene Athan Essaghah Dina S. Ahmed Huzaifa Umar Dilber Uzun Ozsahin Advances in bio-polymer coatings for probiotic microencapsulation: chitosan and beyond for enhanced stability and controlled release Designed Monomers and Polymers bio-polymer coatings probiotic microencapsulation chitosan controlled release stability enhancement |
| title | Advances in bio-polymer coatings for probiotic microencapsulation: chitosan and beyond for enhanced stability and controlled release |
| title_full | Advances in bio-polymer coatings for probiotic microencapsulation: chitosan and beyond for enhanced stability and controlled release |
| title_fullStr | Advances in bio-polymer coatings for probiotic microencapsulation: chitosan and beyond for enhanced stability and controlled release |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in bio-polymer coatings for probiotic microencapsulation: chitosan and beyond for enhanced stability and controlled release |
| title_short | Advances in bio-polymer coatings for probiotic microencapsulation: chitosan and beyond for enhanced stability and controlled release |
| title_sort | advances in bio polymer coatings for probiotic microencapsulation chitosan and beyond for enhanced stability and controlled release |
| topic | bio-polymer coatings probiotic microencapsulation chitosan controlled release stability enhancement |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15685551.2024.2448122 |
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