Water temperature and biological sex influence cold pressor pain in healthy adults: a randomized within-subjects trial

The Cold Pressor Test (CPT) is an established method for evaluating pain perception and stress responses; evidence indicates that females perceive the CPT as more painful than males. However, methodological variations—particularly in water temperature—complicate cross-study comparisons and hinder ro...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Andreas Goreis, Selina Fanninger, Annika Lozar, Anna Mayer, Nina Pfatrisch, Martin Voracek, Paul L. Plener, Oswald D. Kothgassner
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Physiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphys.2025.1628111/full
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