Simultaneously comparing various CO2-mineralized steelmaking slags as supplementary cementitious materials via high gravity carbonation

The integration of accelerated carbonation with the utilization of steelmaking slags presents a vital strategy for CO2 mineralization towards net-zero scheme. This study simultaneously evaluates basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS), refining slag (RFS), and electric arc furnace reducing (EAFRS) and oxid...

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Main Authors: Tse-Lun Chen, Bo-Kai Shu, Yi-Hung Chen, Pen-Chi Chiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of CO2 Utilization
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212982024003202
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author Tse-Lun Chen
Bo-Kai Shu
Yi-Hung Chen
Pen-Chi Chiang
author_facet Tse-Lun Chen
Bo-Kai Shu
Yi-Hung Chen
Pen-Chi Chiang
author_sort Tse-Lun Chen
collection DOAJ
description The integration of accelerated carbonation with the utilization of steelmaking slags presents a vital strategy for CO2 mineralization towards net-zero scheme. This study simultaneously evaluates basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS), refining slag (RFS), and electric arc furnace reducing (EAFRS) and oxidizing slags (EAFOS) as potential partial replacements for ordinary Portland cement, at substitution levels ranging from 5 % to 15 % as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). These slags were pretreated through aqueous accelerated carbonation in a high-gravity rotating packed bed. We assessed several parameters, including carbonation conversion, CO2 capture capacity, workability, strength, and durability. The results demonstrated that EAFRS achieved the highest CO2 capture capacity, reaching 0.193 kg-CO2/kg-slag with a maximum carbonation conversion of 46 % under 197 times high-gravity conditions and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 20. While the incorporation of carbonated slags had minimal impact on the setting properties of cement pastes, higher substitution ratios necessitated increased water demand. The strength of blended cement containing 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % of carbonated BOFS, RFS, and EAFRS met standard requirements at 28th day. Additionally, a mathematical model was developed to predict the mechanical strength of cement mortars. The introduction of carbonated BOFS, RFS, and EAFRS facilitated hydration due to the formation of calcium carbonates, although it resulted in slower strength development kinetics. Notably, the replacement of cement with carbonated EAFOS exhibited a higher expansion rate, likely due to its elevated silicon dioxide and alkaline species content, which may lead to alkali-aggregate reactions, resulting in expansion and cracking.
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spelling doaj-art-0bdb88eaf4c74433843f8ca3cd1e968e2025-08-20T02:37:24ZengElsevierJournal of CO2 Utilization2212-98392024-12-019010298510.1016/j.jcou.2024.102985Simultaneously comparing various CO2-mineralized steelmaking slags as supplementary cementitious materials via high gravity carbonationTse-Lun Chen0Bo-Kai Shu1Yi-Hung Chen2Pen-Chi Chiang3Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10673, TaiwanDepartment of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10673, Taiwan; Correspondence to: 71 Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 10673, Taiwan.The integration of accelerated carbonation with the utilization of steelmaking slags presents a vital strategy for CO2 mineralization towards net-zero scheme. This study simultaneously evaluates basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS), refining slag (RFS), and electric arc furnace reducing (EAFRS) and oxidizing slags (EAFOS) as potential partial replacements for ordinary Portland cement, at substitution levels ranging from 5 % to 15 % as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). These slags were pretreated through aqueous accelerated carbonation in a high-gravity rotating packed bed. We assessed several parameters, including carbonation conversion, CO2 capture capacity, workability, strength, and durability. The results demonstrated that EAFRS achieved the highest CO2 capture capacity, reaching 0.193 kg-CO2/kg-slag with a maximum carbonation conversion of 46 % under 197 times high-gravity conditions and a liquid-to-solid ratio of 20. While the incorporation of carbonated slags had minimal impact on the setting properties of cement pastes, higher substitution ratios necessitated increased water demand. The strength of blended cement containing 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % of carbonated BOFS, RFS, and EAFRS met standard requirements at 28th day. Additionally, a mathematical model was developed to predict the mechanical strength of cement mortars. The introduction of carbonated BOFS, RFS, and EAFRS facilitated hydration due to the formation of calcium carbonates, although it resulted in slower strength development kinetics. Notably, the replacement of cement with carbonated EAFOS exhibited a higher expansion rate, likely due to its elevated silicon dioxide and alkaline species content, which may lead to alkali-aggregate reactions, resulting in expansion and cracking.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212982024003202CO2 mineralization and utilizationHigh-gravity carbonation processWorkabilityDurabilityMechanical strength
spellingShingle Tse-Lun Chen
Bo-Kai Shu
Yi-Hung Chen
Pen-Chi Chiang
Simultaneously comparing various CO2-mineralized steelmaking slags as supplementary cementitious materials via high gravity carbonation
Journal of CO2 Utilization
CO2 mineralization and utilization
High-gravity carbonation process
Workability
Durability
Mechanical strength
title Simultaneously comparing various CO2-mineralized steelmaking slags as supplementary cementitious materials via high gravity carbonation
title_full Simultaneously comparing various CO2-mineralized steelmaking slags as supplementary cementitious materials via high gravity carbonation
title_fullStr Simultaneously comparing various CO2-mineralized steelmaking slags as supplementary cementitious materials via high gravity carbonation
title_full_unstemmed Simultaneously comparing various CO2-mineralized steelmaking slags as supplementary cementitious materials via high gravity carbonation
title_short Simultaneously comparing various CO2-mineralized steelmaking slags as supplementary cementitious materials via high gravity carbonation
title_sort simultaneously comparing various co2 mineralized steelmaking slags as supplementary cementitious materials via high gravity carbonation
topic CO2 mineralization and utilization
High-gravity carbonation process
Workability
Durability
Mechanical strength
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2212982024003202
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