Extreme Ventilation of the North Pacific Central Mode Water by El Niño During Positive Phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation

Abstract This study investigates the interannual variability of the North Pacific Central Mode Water (CMW) under the phase relationship of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), based on multiple observational data sets. Peaks and troughs of the CMW variab...

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Main Authors: Jing Liu, Lixiao Xu, Xiao‐Tong Zheng, Keyao Wang, Junliang Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113064
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author Jing Liu
Lixiao Xu
Xiao‐Tong Zheng
Keyao Wang
Junliang Li
author_facet Jing Liu
Lixiao Xu
Xiao‐Tong Zheng
Keyao Wang
Junliang Li
author_sort Jing Liu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract This study investigates the interannual variability of the North Pacific Central Mode Water (CMW) under the phase relationship of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), based on multiple observational data sets. Peaks and troughs of the CMW variability are primarily observed when ENSO and PDO are in phase, but only moderate variation when ENSO and PDO are out of phase. In El Niño spring during positive PDO, extreme CMW ventilation takes place in the central North Pacific (180°–155°W, 30°–40°N), where no local ventilation occurs for other cases. Such extreme CMW ventilation induces stronger temperature anomalies, which persist longer and penetrate deeper. Our results suggest that CMW, representing a long‐term ocean memory, may play a more significant role in tropical‐extratropical interactions than ever expected.
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institution Kabale University
issn 0094-8276
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language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-0bd95edc27e44efbb95c5ad62ec72b612025-08-20T03:52:32ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072025-03-01526n/an/a10.1029/2024GL113064Extreme Ventilation of the North Pacific Central Mode Water by El Niño During Positive Phase of the Pacific Decadal OscillationJing Liu0Lixiao Xu1Xiao‐Tong Zheng2Keyao Wang3Junliang Li4Frontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao ChinaFrontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao ChinaFrontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao ChinaFrontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory Ocean University of China Qingdao ChinaCollege of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences Ocean University of China Qingdao ChinaAbstract This study investigates the interannual variability of the North Pacific Central Mode Water (CMW) under the phase relationship of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), based on multiple observational data sets. Peaks and troughs of the CMW variability are primarily observed when ENSO and PDO are in phase, but only moderate variation when ENSO and PDO are out of phase. In El Niño spring during positive PDO, extreme CMW ventilation takes place in the central North Pacific (180°–155°W, 30°–40°N), where no local ventilation occurs for other cases. Such extreme CMW ventilation induces stronger temperature anomalies, which persist longer and penetrate deeper. Our results suggest that CMW, representing a long‐term ocean memory, may play a more significant role in tropical‐extratropical interactions than ever expected.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113064subtropical mode waterventilationPacific decadal OscillationEl Niño‐Southern OscillationAleutian lowocean‐atmosphere interaction
spellingShingle Jing Liu
Lixiao Xu
Xiao‐Tong Zheng
Keyao Wang
Junliang Li
Extreme Ventilation of the North Pacific Central Mode Water by El Niño During Positive Phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
Geophysical Research Letters
subtropical mode water
ventilation
Pacific decadal Oscillation
El Niño‐Southern Oscillation
Aleutian low
ocean‐atmosphere interaction
title Extreme Ventilation of the North Pacific Central Mode Water by El Niño During Positive Phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
title_full Extreme Ventilation of the North Pacific Central Mode Water by El Niño During Positive Phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
title_fullStr Extreme Ventilation of the North Pacific Central Mode Water by El Niño During Positive Phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
title_full_unstemmed Extreme Ventilation of the North Pacific Central Mode Water by El Niño During Positive Phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
title_short Extreme Ventilation of the North Pacific Central Mode Water by El Niño During Positive Phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation
title_sort extreme ventilation of the north pacific central mode water by el nino during positive phase of the pacific decadal oscillation
topic subtropical mode water
ventilation
Pacific decadal Oscillation
El Niño‐Southern Oscillation
Aleutian low
ocean‐atmosphere interaction
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113064
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