Microglial Dysregulation in OCD, Tourette Syndrome, and PANDAS
There is accumulating evidence that immune dysregulation contributes to the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette syndrome, and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS). The mechanistic details of this pathophysiolog...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Immunology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8606057 |
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| author | Luciana Frick Christopher Pittenger |
| author_facet | Luciana Frick Christopher Pittenger |
| author_sort | Luciana Frick |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is accumulating evidence that immune dysregulation contributes to the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette syndrome, and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS). The mechanistic details of this pathophysiology, however, remain unclear. Here we focus on one particular component of the immune system: microglia, the brain’s resident immune cells. The role of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases has been understood in terms of classic, inflammatory activation, which may be both a consequence and a cause of neuronal damage. In OCD and Tourette syndrome, which are not characterized by frank neural degeneration, the potential role of microglial dysregulation is much less clear. Here we review the evidence for a neuroinflammatory etiology and microglial dysregulation in OCD, Tourette syndrome, and PANDAS. We also explore new hypotheses as to the potential contributions of microglial abnormalities to pathophysiology, beyond neuroinflammation, including failures in neuroprotection, lack of support for neuronal survival, and abnormalities in synaptic pruning. Recent advances in neuroimaging and animal model work are creating new opportunities to elucidate these issues. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0bc2fb763f5449138ec9da710f591d0b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2314-8861 2314-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Immunology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-0bc2fb763f5449138ec9da710f591d0b2025-08-20T02:02:54ZengWileyJournal of Immunology Research2314-88612314-71562016-01-01201610.1155/2016/86060578606057Microglial Dysregulation in OCD, Tourette Syndrome, and PANDASLuciana Frick0Christopher Pittenger1Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USADepartment of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USAThere is accumulating evidence that immune dysregulation contributes to the pathophysiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), Tourette syndrome, and Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections (PANDAS). The mechanistic details of this pathophysiology, however, remain unclear. Here we focus on one particular component of the immune system: microglia, the brain’s resident immune cells. The role of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases has been understood in terms of classic, inflammatory activation, which may be both a consequence and a cause of neuronal damage. In OCD and Tourette syndrome, which are not characterized by frank neural degeneration, the potential role of microglial dysregulation is much less clear. Here we review the evidence for a neuroinflammatory etiology and microglial dysregulation in OCD, Tourette syndrome, and PANDAS. We also explore new hypotheses as to the potential contributions of microglial abnormalities to pathophysiology, beyond neuroinflammation, including failures in neuroprotection, lack of support for neuronal survival, and abnormalities in synaptic pruning. Recent advances in neuroimaging and animal model work are creating new opportunities to elucidate these issues.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8606057 |
| spellingShingle | Luciana Frick Christopher Pittenger Microglial Dysregulation in OCD, Tourette Syndrome, and PANDAS Journal of Immunology Research |
| title | Microglial Dysregulation in OCD, Tourette Syndrome, and PANDAS |
| title_full | Microglial Dysregulation in OCD, Tourette Syndrome, and PANDAS |
| title_fullStr | Microglial Dysregulation in OCD, Tourette Syndrome, and PANDAS |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microglial Dysregulation in OCD, Tourette Syndrome, and PANDAS |
| title_short | Microglial Dysregulation in OCD, Tourette Syndrome, and PANDAS |
| title_sort | microglial dysregulation in ocd tourette syndrome and pandas |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8606057 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lucianafrick microglialdysregulationinocdtourettesyndromeandpandas AT christopherpittenger microglialdysregulationinocdtourettesyndromeandpandas |