A Randomised Controlled Trial to Determine the Effect of Unique Grain Fibre-Fortified Bread on Gastrointestinal Symptoms, General Wellbeing and Mental Health of Healthy Adults

Background: High dietary fibre (DF) intake may have beneficial effects on gastrointestinal and brain interactions. Bread is an ideal vehicle to incorporate grain fibre to increase DF content. To date, no studies have explored the association between a habitual intake of bread fortified with unique g...

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Main Authors: Hwei Min Ng, Jasjot Maggo, Catherine Louisa Wall, Simone Birgit Bayer, Nicole Clemence Roy, Richard Blair Gearry
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-02-01
Series:Proceedings
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/91/1/195
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author Hwei Min Ng
Jasjot Maggo
Catherine Louisa Wall
Simone Birgit Bayer
Nicole Clemence Roy
Richard Blair Gearry
author_facet Hwei Min Ng
Jasjot Maggo
Catherine Louisa Wall
Simone Birgit Bayer
Nicole Clemence Roy
Richard Blair Gearry
author_sort Hwei Min Ng
collection DOAJ
description Background: High dietary fibre (DF) intake may have beneficial effects on gastrointestinal and brain interactions. Bread is an ideal vehicle to incorporate grain fibre to increase DF content. To date, no studies have explored the association between a habitual intake of bread fortified with unique grain fibre and gastrointestinal symptoms, general wellbeing, and mental health. Objective: To determine whether a four-week intake of bread fortified with unique grain fibre (thrice the amount of DF than control bread) improves subjective gastrointestinal symptoms, general wellbeing, and mental health compared to baseline and white toast (control bread) in healthy adults with low DF intake. Methods: A four-week, two-armed, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomised crossover study separated by a two-week washout period was conducted. Fifty-six participants with low DF intake (<18 g/day for females, <22 g/day for males) consumed three (females)/four (males) slices of fortified bread daily for four weeks then control bread and vice versa. Before and after each intervention phase, the participants completed seven self-reported questionnaires: the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System-Anxiety and Depression Short Forms 8a, World Health Organisation Well-Being Index, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scales, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory Short Form, and the Subjective Vitality Scale. Results: Fifty-five participants completed all of the questionnaires before and after each intervention. The preliminary and blinded results showed no significant changes (all <i>p</i> > 0.05) in gastrointestinal symptoms, general wellbeing, and mental health following intervention and between interventions. Discussion: With thrice the amount of DF, the unique grain fibre-fortified bread did not cause gastrointestinal symptoms nor did it worsen general wellbeing and mental health in healthy adults with low DF intake. Encouraging the consumption of unique grain fibre-fortified bread could still be an acceptable and effective method to improve DF intake in a healthy adult population with low DF intake. Trial Registration: ACTRN12622000884707.
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spelling doaj-art-0baef39271d94b2ab0d094a604aefa1f2025-08-20T01:49:07ZengMDPI AGProceedings2504-39002024-02-0191119510.3390/proceedings2023091195A Randomised Controlled Trial to Determine the Effect of Unique Grain Fibre-Fortified Bread on Gastrointestinal Symptoms, General Wellbeing and Mental Health of Healthy AdultsHwei Min Ng0Jasjot Maggo1Catherine Louisa Wall2Simone Birgit Bayer3Nicole Clemence Roy4Richard Blair Gearry5Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New ZealandDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New ZealandDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New ZealandDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New ZealandHigh-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New ZealandDepartment of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch 8011, New ZealandBackground: High dietary fibre (DF) intake may have beneficial effects on gastrointestinal and brain interactions. Bread is an ideal vehicle to incorporate grain fibre to increase DF content. To date, no studies have explored the association between a habitual intake of bread fortified with unique grain fibre and gastrointestinal symptoms, general wellbeing, and mental health. Objective: To determine whether a four-week intake of bread fortified with unique grain fibre (thrice the amount of DF than control bread) improves subjective gastrointestinal symptoms, general wellbeing, and mental health compared to baseline and white toast (control bread) in healthy adults with low DF intake. Methods: A four-week, two-armed, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomised crossover study separated by a two-week washout period was conducted. Fifty-six participants with low DF intake (<18 g/day for females, <22 g/day for males) consumed three (females)/four (males) slices of fortified bread daily for four weeks then control bread and vice versa. Before and after each intervention phase, the participants completed seven self-reported questionnaires: the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System-Anxiety and Depression Short Forms 8a, World Health Organisation Well-Being Index, Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scales, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory Short Form, and the Subjective Vitality Scale. Results: Fifty-five participants completed all of the questionnaires before and after each intervention. The preliminary and blinded results showed no significant changes (all <i>p</i> > 0.05) in gastrointestinal symptoms, general wellbeing, and mental health following intervention and between interventions. Discussion: With thrice the amount of DF, the unique grain fibre-fortified bread did not cause gastrointestinal symptoms nor did it worsen general wellbeing and mental health in healthy adults with low DF intake. Encouraging the consumption of unique grain fibre-fortified bread could still be an acceptable and effective method to improve DF intake in a healthy adult population with low DF intake. Trial Registration: ACTRN12622000884707.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/91/1/195breadunique graindietary fibremental healthgeneral wellbeinggastrointestinal symptoms
spellingShingle Hwei Min Ng
Jasjot Maggo
Catherine Louisa Wall
Simone Birgit Bayer
Nicole Clemence Roy
Richard Blair Gearry
A Randomised Controlled Trial to Determine the Effect of Unique Grain Fibre-Fortified Bread on Gastrointestinal Symptoms, General Wellbeing and Mental Health of Healthy Adults
Proceedings
bread
unique grain
dietary fibre
mental health
general wellbeing
gastrointestinal symptoms
title A Randomised Controlled Trial to Determine the Effect of Unique Grain Fibre-Fortified Bread on Gastrointestinal Symptoms, General Wellbeing and Mental Health of Healthy Adults
title_full A Randomised Controlled Trial to Determine the Effect of Unique Grain Fibre-Fortified Bread on Gastrointestinal Symptoms, General Wellbeing and Mental Health of Healthy Adults
title_fullStr A Randomised Controlled Trial to Determine the Effect of Unique Grain Fibre-Fortified Bread on Gastrointestinal Symptoms, General Wellbeing and Mental Health of Healthy Adults
title_full_unstemmed A Randomised Controlled Trial to Determine the Effect of Unique Grain Fibre-Fortified Bread on Gastrointestinal Symptoms, General Wellbeing and Mental Health of Healthy Adults
title_short A Randomised Controlled Trial to Determine the Effect of Unique Grain Fibre-Fortified Bread on Gastrointestinal Symptoms, General Wellbeing and Mental Health of Healthy Adults
title_sort randomised controlled trial to determine the effect of unique grain fibre fortified bread on gastrointestinal symptoms general wellbeing and mental health of healthy adults
topic bread
unique grain
dietary fibre
mental health
general wellbeing
gastrointestinal symptoms
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3900/91/1/195
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