CXCR4+ mammary gland macrophageal niche promotes tumor initiating cell activity and immune suppression during tumorigenesis

Abstract Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) share features and regulatory pathways with normal stem cells, yet how the stem cell niche contributes to tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here, we identify CXCR4+ macrophages as a niche population enriched in normal mammary ducts, where they promote the regenera...

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Main Authors: Eunmi Lee, Jason J. Hong, Gabriel Samcam Vargas, Natalie Sauerwald, Yong Wei, Xiang Hang, Chandra L. Theesfeld, Jean Arly A. Volmar, Jennifer M. Miller, Wei Wang, Sha Wang, Gary Laevsky, Christina J. DeCoste, Yibin Kang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59972-z
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author Eunmi Lee
Jason J. Hong
Gabriel Samcam Vargas
Natalie Sauerwald
Yong Wei
Xiang Hang
Chandra L. Theesfeld
Jean Arly A. Volmar
Jennifer M. Miller
Wei Wang
Sha Wang
Gary Laevsky
Christina J. DeCoste
Yibin Kang
author_facet Eunmi Lee
Jason J. Hong
Gabriel Samcam Vargas
Natalie Sauerwald
Yong Wei
Xiang Hang
Chandra L. Theesfeld
Jean Arly A. Volmar
Jennifer M. Miller
Wei Wang
Sha Wang
Gary Laevsky
Christina J. DeCoste
Yibin Kang
author_sort Eunmi Lee
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) share features and regulatory pathways with normal stem cells, yet how the stem cell niche contributes to tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here, we identify CXCR4+ macrophages as a niche population enriched in normal mammary ducts, where they promote the regenerative activity of basal cells in response to luminal cell-derived CXCL12. CXCL12 triggers AKT-mediated stabilization of β-catenin, which induces Wnt ligands and pro-migratory genes, enabling intraductal macrophage infiltration and supporting regenerative activity of basal cells. Notably, these same CXCR4+ niche macrophages regulate the tumor-initiating activity of various breast cancer subtypes by enhancing TIC survival and tumor-forming capacity, while promoting early immune evasion through regulatory T cell induction. Furthermore, a CXCR4+ niche macrophage gene signature correlates with poor prognosis in human breast cancer. These findings highlight the pivotal role of the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in orchestrating interactions between niche macrophages, mammary epithelial cells, and immune cells, thereby establishing a supportive niche for both normal tissue regeneration and mammary tumor initiation.
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spelling doaj-art-0badb630b96c45d5b196ead6dedba2f52025-08-20T03:08:43ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-05-0116112410.1038/s41467-025-59972-zCXCR4+ mammary gland macrophageal niche promotes tumor initiating cell activity and immune suppression during tumorigenesisEunmi Lee0Jason J. Hong1Gabriel Samcam Vargas2Natalie Sauerwald3Yong Wei4Xiang Hang5Chandra L. Theesfeld6Jean Arly A. Volmar7Jennifer M. Miller8Wei Wang9Sha Wang10Gary Laevsky11Christina J. DeCoste12Yibin Kang13Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityCenter for Computational Biology, Flatiron InstituteDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityLewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton UniversityLewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton UniversityLewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton UniversityLewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton UniversityDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityDepartment of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityAbstract Tumor-initiating cells (TICs) share features and regulatory pathways with normal stem cells, yet how the stem cell niche contributes to tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here, we identify CXCR4+ macrophages as a niche population enriched in normal mammary ducts, where they promote the regenerative activity of basal cells in response to luminal cell-derived CXCL12. CXCL12 triggers AKT-mediated stabilization of β-catenin, which induces Wnt ligands and pro-migratory genes, enabling intraductal macrophage infiltration and supporting regenerative activity of basal cells. Notably, these same CXCR4+ niche macrophages regulate the tumor-initiating activity of various breast cancer subtypes by enhancing TIC survival and tumor-forming capacity, while promoting early immune evasion through regulatory T cell induction. Furthermore, a CXCR4+ niche macrophage gene signature correlates with poor prognosis in human breast cancer. These findings highlight the pivotal role of the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis in orchestrating interactions between niche macrophages, mammary epithelial cells, and immune cells, thereby establishing a supportive niche for both normal tissue regeneration and mammary tumor initiation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59972-z
spellingShingle Eunmi Lee
Jason J. Hong
Gabriel Samcam Vargas
Natalie Sauerwald
Yong Wei
Xiang Hang
Chandra L. Theesfeld
Jean Arly A. Volmar
Jennifer M. Miller
Wei Wang
Sha Wang
Gary Laevsky
Christina J. DeCoste
Yibin Kang
CXCR4+ mammary gland macrophageal niche promotes tumor initiating cell activity and immune suppression during tumorigenesis
Nature Communications
title CXCR4+ mammary gland macrophageal niche promotes tumor initiating cell activity and immune suppression during tumorigenesis
title_full CXCR4+ mammary gland macrophageal niche promotes tumor initiating cell activity and immune suppression during tumorigenesis
title_fullStr CXCR4+ mammary gland macrophageal niche promotes tumor initiating cell activity and immune suppression during tumorigenesis
title_full_unstemmed CXCR4+ mammary gland macrophageal niche promotes tumor initiating cell activity and immune suppression during tumorigenesis
title_short CXCR4+ mammary gland macrophageal niche promotes tumor initiating cell activity and immune suppression during tumorigenesis
title_sort cxcr4 mammary gland macrophageal niche promotes tumor initiating cell activity and immune suppression during tumorigenesis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-59972-z
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