Evaluation and Optimization of Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Block-Style Commercial Complex in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions of China
In recent years, block-style commercial complexes have become a prominent form of commercial architecture in many Chinese cities. The thermal comfort of their outdoor spaces significantly influences people’s activities and the overall quality of these areas. This study explores the relationship betw...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/6/929 |
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| author | Yeheng Zhou Jiang Zhu Eryu Ni Yanzhe Hu |
| author_facet | Yeheng Zhou Jiang Zhu Eryu Ni Yanzhe Hu |
| author_sort | Yeheng Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, block-style commercial complexes have become a prominent form of commercial architecture in many Chinese cities. The thermal comfort of their outdoor spaces significantly influences people’s activities and the overall quality of these areas. This study explores the relationship between the morphological elements of outdoor spaces in such complexes and thermal comfort, using quantifiable methods to identify key control indicators. Enhancing thermal comfort is crucial for improving spatial quality, increasing dwell time, and boosting commercial vibrancy. Focusing on the hot summer and cold winter climate of Shanghai, this research analyzed two representative block-style commercial complexes. It employed computer simulations and sensory comfort surveys to demonstrate that block morphology significantly impacts outdoor thermal comfort. Three control variables—street density, number of street intersections, and street orientation—were selected to study their effects. Spatial prototypes were categorized, and their thermal comfort performance was evaluated using numerical simulations. Based on these findings, spatial morphology was iteratively optimized. This study concluded by proposing evaluation indicators for spatial morphology control elements to enhance outdoor thermal comfort. It also provided external spatial layout strategies for block-style commercial complexes in similar climates, offering architects and urban designers decision-making criteria to improve thermal comfort in outdoor spaces. This research contributes to creating more comfortable and vibrant urban environments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0babbe903fd84586b7ec8d103a9d7fcc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Buildings |
| spelling | doaj-art-0babbe903fd84586b7ec8d103a9d7fcc2025-08-20T03:43:02ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-03-0115692910.3390/buildings15060929Evaluation and Optimization of Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Block-Style Commercial Complex in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions of ChinaYeheng Zhou0Jiang Zhu1Eryu Ni2Yanzhe Hu3College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaZhengzhou Zhengdong High Tech Industrial Development Co., Ltd., No. 136 Zhengkai Avenue, Zhengzhou 450016, ChinaDepartment of Architecture, School of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, ChinaCollege of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaIn recent years, block-style commercial complexes have become a prominent form of commercial architecture in many Chinese cities. The thermal comfort of their outdoor spaces significantly influences people’s activities and the overall quality of these areas. This study explores the relationship between the morphological elements of outdoor spaces in such complexes and thermal comfort, using quantifiable methods to identify key control indicators. Enhancing thermal comfort is crucial for improving spatial quality, increasing dwell time, and boosting commercial vibrancy. Focusing on the hot summer and cold winter climate of Shanghai, this research analyzed two representative block-style commercial complexes. It employed computer simulations and sensory comfort surveys to demonstrate that block morphology significantly impacts outdoor thermal comfort. Three control variables—street density, number of street intersections, and street orientation—were selected to study their effects. Spatial prototypes were categorized, and their thermal comfort performance was evaluated using numerical simulations. Based on these findings, spatial morphology was iteratively optimized. This study concluded by proposing evaluation indicators for spatial morphology control elements to enhance outdoor thermal comfort. It also provided external spatial layout strategies for block-style commercial complexes in similar climates, offering architects and urban designers decision-making criteria to improve thermal comfort in outdoor spaces. This research contributes to creating more comfortable and vibrant urban environments.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/6/929block-type commercial complexexternal spacehuman thermal comfortspatial form control elementsevaluation index |
| spellingShingle | Yeheng Zhou Jiang Zhu Eryu Ni Yanzhe Hu Evaluation and Optimization of Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Block-Style Commercial Complex in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions of China Buildings block-type commercial complex external space human thermal comfort spatial form control elements evaluation index |
| title | Evaluation and Optimization of Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Block-Style Commercial Complex in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions of China |
| title_full | Evaluation and Optimization of Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Block-Style Commercial Complex in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions of China |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation and Optimization of Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Block-Style Commercial Complex in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions of China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation and Optimization of Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Block-Style Commercial Complex in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions of China |
| title_short | Evaluation and Optimization of Outdoor Thermal Comfort of Block-Style Commercial Complex in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Regions of China |
| title_sort | evaluation and optimization of outdoor thermal comfort of block style commercial complex in hot summer and cold winter regions of china |
| topic | block-type commercial complex external space human thermal comfort spatial form control elements evaluation index |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/6/929 |
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