A man–vehicle e-passport system using biometric blockchain for automated border control

Since the mid-1990s, the evolution of internet technologies has significantly transformed global connectivity and digital interaction. Today, advances in computing and networking continue to support the development of emerging paradigms such as the metaverse and digital twins—concepts that aspire to...

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Main Authors: Bing Xu, Ahmed Bouridane, Qiang Ni, Richard Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Blockchain
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1596567/full
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author Bing Xu
Ahmed Bouridane
Qiang Ni
Richard Jiang
author_facet Bing Xu
Ahmed Bouridane
Qiang Ni
Richard Jiang
author_sort Bing Xu
collection DOAJ
description Since the mid-1990s, the evolution of internet technologies has significantly transformed global connectivity and digital interaction. Today, advances in computing and networking continue to support the development of emerging paradigms such as the metaverse and digital twins—concepts that aspire to bridge physical and digital experiences. Parallel to this, blockchain technology is reshaping traditional notions of trust by enabling immutable transaction records and smart contract automation, thereby fostering the rise of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs). Building on these foundations, this study presents a biometric blockchain-based e-passport system designed to improve the operational efficiency of automated border control (ABC) systems. At the core of our approach is the concept of a DAO-inspired framework for border control wherein identity verification and management tasks are executed through atomic smart contracts and recorded immutably on the blockchain. Our system incorporates biometric authentication and decentralized identity features to digitize border documentation and automate verification processes. This creates a secure, verifiable digital representation of an individual’s identity that can interact with ABC workflows. Performance evaluations conducted using Hyperledger Caliper demonstrate the potential of the proposed system, showing a 3.5-fold improvement in processing efficiency compared to traditional ABC setups.
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spelling doaj-art-0b9e5cb342ce402ba386843ef68a99612025-08-20T03:13:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Blockchain2624-78522025-07-01810.3389/fbloc.2025.15965671596567A man–vehicle e-passport system using biometric blockchain for automated border controlBing Xu0Ahmed Bouridane1Qiang Ni2Richard Jiang3LIRA Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United KingdomCenter for Cybersecurity and Data Analytics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesLIRA Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United KingdomLIRA Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United KingdomSince the mid-1990s, the evolution of internet technologies has significantly transformed global connectivity and digital interaction. Today, advances in computing and networking continue to support the development of emerging paradigms such as the metaverse and digital twins—concepts that aspire to bridge physical and digital experiences. Parallel to this, blockchain technology is reshaping traditional notions of trust by enabling immutable transaction records and smart contract automation, thereby fostering the rise of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs). Building on these foundations, this study presents a biometric blockchain-based e-passport system designed to improve the operational efficiency of automated border control (ABC) systems. At the core of our approach is the concept of a DAO-inspired framework for border control wherein identity verification and management tasks are executed through atomic smart contracts and recorded immutably on the blockchain. Our system incorporates biometric authentication and decentralized identity features to digitize border documentation and automate verification processes. This creates a secure, verifiable digital representation of an individual’s identity that can interact with ABC workflows. Performance evaluations conducted using Hyperledger Caliper demonstrate the potential of the proposed system, showing a 3.5-fold improvement in processing efficiency compared to traditional ABC setups.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1596567/fullBrexitePassportblockchainbiometricsmetaversedigital twin
spellingShingle Bing Xu
Ahmed Bouridane
Qiang Ni
Richard Jiang
A man–vehicle e-passport system using biometric blockchain for automated border control
Frontiers in Blockchain
Brexit
ePassport
blockchain
biometrics
metaverse
digital twin
title A man–vehicle e-passport system using biometric blockchain for automated border control
title_full A man–vehicle e-passport system using biometric blockchain for automated border control
title_fullStr A man–vehicle e-passport system using biometric blockchain for automated border control
title_full_unstemmed A man–vehicle e-passport system using biometric blockchain for automated border control
title_short A man–vehicle e-passport system using biometric blockchain for automated border control
title_sort man vehicle e passport system using biometric blockchain for automated border control
topic Brexit
ePassport
blockchain
biometrics
metaverse
digital twin
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbloc.2025.1596567/full
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