The innovation trade-off: how following superstars shapes academic novelty

Abstract Academic success is distributed unequally; a few top scientists receive the bulk of attention, citations, and resources. However, do these “superstars” foster leadership in scientific innovation? We employ a series of information-theoretic measures that quantify novelty, innovation, and imp...

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Main Authors: Sean Kelty, Raiyan Abdul Baten, Adiba Mahbub Proma, Ehsan Hoque, Johan Bollen, Gourab Ghoshal
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer Nature 2025-07-01
Series:Humanities & Social Sciences Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05124-z
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author Sean Kelty
Raiyan Abdul Baten
Adiba Mahbub Proma
Ehsan Hoque
Johan Bollen
Gourab Ghoshal
author_facet Sean Kelty
Raiyan Abdul Baten
Adiba Mahbub Proma
Ehsan Hoque
Johan Bollen
Gourab Ghoshal
author_sort Sean Kelty
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Academic success is distributed unequally; a few top scientists receive the bulk of attention, citations, and resources. However, do these “superstars” foster leadership in scientific innovation? We employ a series of information-theoretic measures that quantify novelty, innovation, and impact from scholarly citation networks, and compare the academic output of scientists in the American Physical Society corpus with varying levels of connections to superstar scientists. The strength of connection is based on the frequency of citations to superstar papers, which is also related to the frequency of collaboration. We find that while strongly-connected scientists publish more, garner more citations, and produce moderately more diverse content, this comes at a cost of lower innovation, less disruption, and higher redundancy of ideas. Further, once one removes papers co-authored with superstars, the academic output of these strongly connected scientists greatly diminishes. In contrast, authors who publish at the same rate without the benefit of collaborations with scientific superstars produce papers that are more innovative, more disruptive, and have comparable citation rates, once one controls for the transferred prestige of superstars. On balance, our results indicate that academia pays a price by focusing attention and resources on superstars.
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spelling doaj-art-0b90eccde3ca40b5956162e48a5e94812025-08-20T03:45:27ZengSpringer NatureHumanities & Social Sciences Communications2662-99922025-07-0112111310.1057/s41599-025-05124-zThe innovation trade-off: how following superstars shapes academic noveltySean Kelty0Raiyan Abdul Baten1Adiba Mahbub Proma2Ehsan Hoque3Johan Bollen4Gourab Ghoshal5University of RochesterUniversity of South FloridaUniversity of RochesterUniversity of RochesterLuddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering, Indiana University BloomingtonUniversity of RochesterAbstract Academic success is distributed unequally; a few top scientists receive the bulk of attention, citations, and resources. However, do these “superstars” foster leadership in scientific innovation? We employ a series of information-theoretic measures that quantify novelty, innovation, and impact from scholarly citation networks, and compare the academic output of scientists in the American Physical Society corpus with varying levels of connections to superstar scientists. The strength of connection is based on the frequency of citations to superstar papers, which is also related to the frequency of collaboration. We find that while strongly-connected scientists publish more, garner more citations, and produce moderately more diverse content, this comes at a cost of lower innovation, less disruption, and higher redundancy of ideas. Further, once one removes papers co-authored with superstars, the academic output of these strongly connected scientists greatly diminishes. In contrast, authors who publish at the same rate without the benefit of collaborations with scientific superstars produce papers that are more innovative, more disruptive, and have comparable citation rates, once one controls for the transferred prestige of superstars. On balance, our results indicate that academia pays a price by focusing attention and resources on superstars.https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05124-z
spellingShingle Sean Kelty
Raiyan Abdul Baten
Adiba Mahbub Proma
Ehsan Hoque
Johan Bollen
Gourab Ghoshal
The innovation trade-off: how following superstars shapes academic novelty
Humanities & Social Sciences Communications
title The innovation trade-off: how following superstars shapes academic novelty
title_full The innovation trade-off: how following superstars shapes academic novelty
title_fullStr The innovation trade-off: how following superstars shapes academic novelty
title_full_unstemmed The innovation trade-off: how following superstars shapes academic novelty
title_short The innovation trade-off: how following superstars shapes academic novelty
title_sort innovation trade off how following superstars shapes academic novelty
url https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05124-z
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