Trans-basin interaction sustains multi-year marine heatwaves in the Gulf of Alaska

Abstract Multi-year marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are major climate events with lasting ecological and economic effects. Though often seen as local Pacific phenomena, our study shows their persistence depends on trans-basin interactions between the North Pacific and North Atlan...

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Main Authors: Yu Zhao, Jin-Yi Yu, Huang-Hsiung Hsu, I-I Lin, Song Yang, Chunzai Wang, Jian Shi, Yan Du, Xin Wang, Tao Lian, Sang-Wook Yeh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01187-6
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author Yu Zhao
Jin-Yi Yu
Huang-Hsiung Hsu
I-I Lin
Song Yang
Chunzai Wang
Jian Shi
Yan Du
Xin Wang
Tao Lian
Sang-Wook Yeh
author_facet Yu Zhao
Jin-Yi Yu
Huang-Hsiung Hsu
I-I Lin
Song Yang
Chunzai Wang
Jian Shi
Yan Du
Xin Wang
Tao Lian
Sang-Wook Yeh
author_sort Yu Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Multi-year marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are major climate events with lasting ecological and economic effects. Though often seen as local Pacific phenomena, our study shows their persistence depends on trans-basin interactions between the North Pacific and North Atlantic. Using observational data and climate model experiments, we find that prolonged MHWs occur as sequential warming episodes triggered by atmospheric wave trains crossing ocean basins. These wave trains alter surface heat flux, initiating MHWs in the GOA and changing North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs). In turn, Atlantic SST anomalies reinforce wave activity, fueling subsequent MHW episodes in a feedback loop. This mechanism appears in historical events (1949–52, 1962–65, 2013–16, and 2018–22), highlighting MHWs as a trans-basin phenomenon. Our findings link GOA MHWs to trans-basin atmospheric wave dynamics and identify North Atlantic SSTs as a potential predictor of their duration.
format Article
id doaj-art-0b890cf4f9e0477e93ba059cc64148a2
institution Kabale University
issn 2397-3722
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
spelling doaj-art-0b890cf4f9e0477e93ba059cc64148a22025-08-20T03:42:30ZengNature Portfolionpj Climate and Atmospheric Science2397-37222025-08-018111110.1038/s41612-025-01187-6Trans-basin interaction sustains multi-year marine heatwaves in the Gulf of AlaskaYu Zhao0Jin-Yi Yu1Huang-Hsiung Hsu2I-I Lin3Song Yang4Chunzai Wang5Jian Shi6Yan Du7Xin Wang8Tao Lian9Sang-Wook Yeh10Department of Earth System Science, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Earth System Science, University of CaliforniaResearch Center for Environmental Changes, Academia SinicaDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan UniversitySchool of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai)State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesFrontier Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES) and Physical Oceanography Laboratory, Ocean University of ChinaGuangdong Key Laboratory of Ocean Remote Sensing, State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural ResourcesDepartment of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, Hanyang University, ERICAAbstract Multi-year marine heatwaves (MHWs) in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) are major climate events with lasting ecological and economic effects. Though often seen as local Pacific phenomena, our study shows their persistence depends on trans-basin interactions between the North Pacific and North Atlantic. Using observational data and climate model experiments, we find that prolonged MHWs occur as sequential warming episodes triggered by atmospheric wave trains crossing ocean basins. These wave trains alter surface heat flux, initiating MHWs in the GOA and changing North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs). In turn, Atlantic SST anomalies reinforce wave activity, fueling subsequent MHW episodes in a feedback loop. This mechanism appears in historical events (1949–52, 1962–65, 2013–16, and 2018–22), highlighting MHWs as a trans-basin phenomenon. Our findings link GOA MHWs to trans-basin atmospheric wave dynamics and identify North Atlantic SSTs as a potential predictor of their duration.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01187-6
spellingShingle Yu Zhao
Jin-Yi Yu
Huang-Hsiung Hsu
I-I Lin
Song Yang
Chunzai Wang
Jian Shi
Yan Du
Xin Wang
Tao Lian
Sang-Wook Yeh
Trans-basin interaction sustains multi-year marine heatwaves in the Gulf of Alaska
npj Climate and Atmospheric Science
title Trans-basin interaction sustains multi-year marine heatwaves in the Gulf of Alaska
title_full Trans-basin interaction sustains multi-year marine heatwaves in the Gulf of Alaska
title_fullStr Trans-basin interaction sustains multi-year marine heatwaves in the Gulf of Alaska
title_full_unstemmed Trans-basin interaction sustains multi-year marine heatwaves in the Gulf of Alaska
title_short Trans-basin interaction sustains multi-year marine heatwaves in the Gulf of Alaska
title_sort trans basin interaction sustains multi year marine heatwaves in the gulf of alaska
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41612-025-01187-6
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