Carbon Dot-Modulated Phase-Change Composites for Wide Temperature Range and High-Density Heat Storage and Release

Organic phase-change materials (PCMs) offer great promise in addressing challenges in thermal energy storage and heat management, but their applications are greatly limited by low energy density and a rigid phase transition temperature. Herein, by introducing carbon dots (CDs) with abundant oxygen-r...

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Main Authors: Jingya Liang, Ning Li, Jie Wu, Qing Chang, Jinlong Yang, Shengliang Hu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Energies
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2597
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author Jingya Liang
Ning Li
Jie Wu
Qing Chang
Jinlong Yang
Shengliang Hu
author_facet Jingya Liang
Ning Li
Jie Wu
Qing Chang
Jinlong Yang
Shengliang Hu
author_sort Jingya Liang
collection DOAJ
description Organic phase-change materials (PCMs) offer great promise in addressing challenges in thermal energy storage and heat management, but their applications are greatly limited by low energy density and a rigid phase transition temperature. Herein, by introducing carbon dots (CDs) with abundant oxygen-related groups, we develop a novel kind of erythritol (ET)-based composite PCMs (CD-ETs) featuring an enhanced latent heat storage capacity and a reduced degree of supercooling compared to pure ETs. The optimally formulated CD-ETs increase the latent heat storage capacity from 377.3 to 410.2 J·g<sup>−1</sup> and the heat release capacity from 209.0 to 240.2 J·g<sup>−1</sup> compared to the pristine ETs. Moreover, the subcooled degree of CD-ETs is more than 30 °C lower than that of pristine ETs. By successively encapsulating CD-ETs and CD-containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a low melting point in a reduced graphene oxide-modified melamine sponge, the resultant shape-stabilized system not only prevents leakage of molten PCMs but also allows for a wide response temperature window and promotes the heat transfer ability of melted PEG in close contact with solid CD-ETs. Stepped melting and crystallization guarantee phase changes in high-melting-point ETs via solar heating, Joule heating or a combination thereof. Specifically, the melting enthalpy of this system is as high as 306.5 J·g<sup>−1</sup>, and its cold crystallization enthalpy reaches 196.5 J·g<sup>−1</sup>, surpassing numerous organic PCMs. This work provides a facile and efficient strategy for the design of ideal thermal energy storage materials to meet the needs of application scenarios in a cost-effective manner.
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spelling doaj-art-0b7be08fcb774f6890211a1c40d2bd8c2025-08-20T01:56:27ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-05-011810259710.3390/en18102597Carbon Dot-Modulated Phase-Change Composites for Wide Temperature Range and High-Density Heat Storage and ReleaseJingya Liang0Ning Li1Jie Wu2Qing Chang3Jinlong Yang4Shengliang Hu5Research Group of New Energy Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Coal and CBM Co-Mining, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaResearch Group of New Energy Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Coal and CBM Co-Mining, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaSchool of Applied Science, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaResearch Group of New Energy Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Coal and CBM Co-Mining, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaResearch Group of New Energy Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Coal and CBM Co-Mining, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaResearch Group of New Energy Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Coal and CBM Co-Mining, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, ChinaOrganic phase-change materials (PCMs) offer great promise in addressing challenges in thermal energy storage and heat management, but their applications are greatly limited by low energy density and a rigid phase transition temperature. Herein, by introducing carbon dots (CDs) with abundant oxygen-related groups, we develop a novel kind of erythritol (ET)-based composite PCMs (CD-ETs) featuring an enhanced latent heat storage capacity and a reduced degree of supercooling compared to pure ETs. The optimally formulated CD-ETs increase the latent heat storage capacity from 377.3 to 410.2 J·g<sup>−1</sup> and the heat release capacity from 209.0 to 240.2 J·g<sup>−1</sup> compared to the pristine ETs. Moreover, the subcooled degree of CD-ETs is more than 30 °C lower than that of pristine ETs. By successively encapsulating CD-ETs and CD-containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) with a low melting point in a reduced graphene oxide-modified melamine sponge, the resultant shape-stabilized system not only prevents leakage of molten PCMs but also allows for a wide response temperature window and promotes the heat transfer ability of melted PEG in close contact with solid CD-ETs. Stepped melting and crystallization guarantee phase changes in high-melting-point ETs via solar heating, Joule heating or a combination thereof. Specifically, the melting enthalpy of this system is as high as 306.5 J·g<sup>−1</sup>, and its cold crystallization enthalpy reaches 196.5 J·g<sup>−1</sup>, surpassing numerous organic PCMs. This work provides a facile and efficient strategy for the design of ideal thermal energy storage materials to meet the needs of application scenarios in a cost-effective manner.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2597phase-change materialscarbon dotserythritoldegree of supercoolingsolar heat storage
spellingShingle Jingya Liang
Ning Li
Jie Wu
Qing Chang
Jinlong Yang
Shengliang Hu
Carbon Dot-Modulated Phase-Change Composites for Wide Temperature Range and High-Density Heat Storage and Release
Energies
phase-change materials
carbon dots
erythritol
degree of supercooling
solar heat storage
title Carbon Dot-Modulated Phase-Change Composites for Wide Temperature Range and High-Density Heat Storage and Release
title_full Carbon Dot-Modulated Phase-Change Composites for Wide Temperature Range and High-Density Heat Storage and Release
title_fullStr Carbon Dot-Modulated Phase-Change Composites for Wide Temperature Range and High-Density Heat Storage and Release
title_full_unstemmed Carbon Dot-Modulated Phase-Change Composites for Wide Temperature Range and High-Density Heat Storage and Release
title_short Carbon Dot-Modulated Phase-Change Composites for Wide Temperature Range and High-Density Heat Storage and Release
title_sort carbon dot modulated phase change composites for wide temperature range and high density heat storage and release
topic phase-change materials
carbon dots
erythritol
degree of supercooling
solar heat storage
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/10/2597
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AT jiewu carbondotmodulatedphasechangecompositesforwidetemperaturerangeandhighdensityheatstorageandrelease
AT qingchang carbondotmodulatedphasechangecompositesforwidetemperaturerangeandhighdensityheatstorageandrelease
AT jinlongyang carbondotmodulatedphasechangecompositesforwidetemperaturerangeandhighdensityheatstorageandrelease
AT shenglianghu carbondotmodulatedphasechangecompositesforwidetemperaturerangeandhighdensityheatstorageandrelease