A Review of Condition Monitoring of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: Techniques, Challenges and Future Directions
This paper focuses on the latest advancements in diagnosing faults in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs), with particular attention paid to demagnetization, inter-turn short circuits (ITSCs), and eccentricity faults. As PMSMs play an important role in electric vehicles, renewable energy s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1177 |
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| author | Alexandros Sergakis Marios Salinas Nikolaos Gkiolekas Konstantinos N. Gyftakis |
| author_facet | Alexandros Sergakis Marios Salinas Nikolaos Gkiolekas Konstantinos N. Gyftakis |
| author_sort | Alexandros Sergakis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper focuses on the latest advancements in diagnosing faults in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs), with particular attention paid to demagnetization, inter-turn short circuits (ITSCs), and eccentricity faults. As PMSMs play an important role in electric vehicles, renewable energy systems and aerospace applications, ensuring their reliability is more important than ever. This work examines widely applied methods like Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) and flux monitoring, alongside more recent approaches such as time-frequency analysis, observer-based techniques and machine learning strategies. These methods are discussed in terms of strengths/weaknesses, challenges and suitability for different operating conditions. The review also highlights the importance of experimental validations to connect theoretical research with real-world applications. By exploring potential synergies between these diagnostic methods, the paper outlines ways to improve fault detection accuracy and machine reliability. It concludes by identifying future research directions, such as developing real-time diagnostics, enhancing predictive maintenance and refining sensor and computational technologies, aiming to make PMSMs more robust and fault-tolerant in demanding environments. In addition, the discussion highlights how partial demagnetization or ITSC faults may propagate if not diagnosed promptly, necessitating scalable and efficient multi-physics approaches. Finally, emphasis is placed on bridging theoretical advancements with industrial-scale implementations to ensure seamless integration into existing machine drive systems. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0b6b0f69203f4c14aba9e7eceb623d2b |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj-art-0b6b0f69203f4c14aba9e7eceb623d2b2025-08-20T02:05:24ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732025-02-01185117710.3390/en18051177A Review of Condition Monitoring of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: Techniques, Challenges and Future DirectionsAlexandros Sergakis0Marios Salinas1Nikolaos Gkiolekas2Konstantinos N. Gyftakis3School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 731 00 Chania, GreeceSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 731 00 Chania, GreeceSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 731 00 Chania, GreeceSchool of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 731 00 Chania, GreeceThis paper focuses on the latest advancements in diagnosing faults in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSMs), with particular attention paid to demagnetization, inter-turn short circuits (ITSCs), and eccentricity faults. As PMSMs play an important role in electric vehicles, renewable energy systems and aerospace applications, ensuring their reliability is more important than ever. This work examines widely applied methods like Motor Current Signature Analysis (MCSA) and flux monitoring, alongside more recent approaches such as time-frequency analysis, observer-based techniques and machine learning strategies. These methods are discussed in terms of strengths/weaknesses, challenges and suitability for different operating conditions. The review also highlights the importance of experimental validations to connect theoretical research with real-world applications. By exploring potential synergies between these diagnostic methods, the paper outlines ways to improve fault detection accuracy and machine reliability. It concludes by identifying future research directions, such as developing real-time diagnostics, enhancing predictive maintenance and refining sensor and computational technologies, aiming to make PMSMs more robust and fault-tolerant in demanding environments. In addition, the discussion highlights how partial demagnetization or ITSC faults may propagate if not diagnosed promptly, necessitating scalable and efficient multi-physics approaches. Finally, emphasis is placed on bridging theoretical advancements with industrial-scale implementations to ensure seamless integration into existing machine drive systems.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1177condition monitoringdemagnetizationeccentricityelectrical machinesfault diagnosispermanent magnet machines |
| spellingShingle | Alexandros Sergakis Marios Salinas Nikolaos Gkiolekas Konstantinos N. Gyftakis A Review of Condition Monitoring of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: Techniques, Challenges and Future Directions Energies condition monitoring demagnetization eccentricity electrical machines fault diagnosis permanent magnet machines |
| title | A Review of Condition Monitoring of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: Techniques, Challenges and Future Directions |
| title_full | A Review of Condition Monitoring of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: Techniques, Challenges and Future Directions |
| title_fullStr | A Review of Condition Monitoring of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: Techniques, Challenges and Future Directions |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Review of Condition Monitoring of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: Techniques, Challenges and Future Directions |
| title_short | A Review of Condition Monitoring of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines: Techniques, Challenges and Future Directions |
| title_sort | review of condition monitoring of permanent magnet synchronous machines techniques challenges and future directions |
| topic | condition monitoring demagnetization eccentricity electrical machines fault diagnosis permanent magnet machines |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/5/1177 |
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