A comparative study on the degradation of ciprofloxacin in wastewater by iron-visible bismuth vanadate and iron-activated carbon systems: Mechanisms, efficiency, and ecotoxicity assessment

This study investigates the activation mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide by iron-visible bismuth vanadate (Fe2+/H₂O₂/BiVO₄/Vis) and iron-activated carbon (Fe2+/H₂O₂/AC) for ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. The Fe2+/H₂O₂/BiVO₄/Vis system achieved 99.8 % removal efficiency within 30 min at pH 2, while t...

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Main Authors: Sumita, Jibran Ali Ghumro, Sadou Barry, Cong Li, Xinyu Wei, Jieming Yuan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-01-01
Series:Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182625000591
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author Sumita
Jibran Ali Ghumro
Sadou Barry
Cong Li
Xinyu Wei
Jieming Yuan
author_facet Sumita
Jibran Ali Ghumro
Sadou Barry
Cong Li
Xinyu Wei
Jieming Yuan
author_sort Sumita
collection DOAJ
description This study investigates the activation mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide by iron-visible bismuth vanadate (Fe2+/H₂O₂/BiVO₄/Vis) and iron-activated carbon (Fe2+/H₂O₂/AC) for ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. The Fe2+/H₂O₂/BiVO₄/Vis system achieved 99.8 % removal efficiency within 30 min at pH 2, while the Fe2+/H₂O₂/AC system demonstrated 99 % efficiency at pH 4. The optimum conditions were determined to be 25 mol/L H₂O₂ and 1.0 g/L catalyst dosage at pH 2 for the BiVO₄ system, and 200 mol/L H₂O₂ and 0.5 g/L catalyst dosage at pH 4 for the AC system. Scavenger experiments revealed that h+ (non-radical holes) and •O₂− were dominant in the BiVO₄ system, while •OH and 1O₂ were primary in the AC system. Liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry identified by-products, confirming decarboxylation and piperazine ring opening as the primary degradation mechanisms. The electrical energy per order of magnitude (EEO) of the Fe2+/H₂O₂/BiVO₄/Vis system was 210 kWh·m−3 in 30 min. Ecotoxicity tests indicated that the degradation products are less harmful to aquatic organisms. Kinetic analysis revealed that the degradation process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.93), while adsorption isotherms were best described by the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.97). Both systems maintained over 90 % efficiency through five consecutive treatment cycles, demonstrating good stability and offering an effective alternative for treating contaminated wastewater.
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spelling doaj-art-0b672cd2ced54532bea9b81b0c7da8392025-08-20T03:55:22ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology2590-18262025-01-0171072108410.1016/j.enceco.2025.05.010A comparative study on the degradation of ciprofloxacin in wastewater by iron-visible bismuth vanadate and iron-activated carbon systems: Mechanisms, efficiency, and ecotoxicity assessment Sumita0Jibran Ali Ghumro1Sadou Barry2Cong Li3Xinyu Wei4Jieming Yuan5School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaSchool of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaSchool of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaCorresponding author.; School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaSchool of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaSchool of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaThis study investigates the activation mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide by iron-visible bismuth vanadate (Fe2+/H₂O₂/BiVO₄/Vis) and iron-activated carbon (Fe2+/H₂O₂/AC) for ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. The Fe2+/H₂O₂/BiVO₄/Vis system achieved 99.8 % removal efficiency within 30 min at pH 2, while the Fe2+/H₂O₂/AC system demonstrated 99 % efficiency at pH 4. The optimum conditions were determined to be 25 mol/L H₂O₂ and 1.0 g/L catalyst dosage at pH 2 for the BiVO₄ system, and 200 mol/L H₂O₂ and 0.5 g/L catalyst dosage at pH 4 for the AC system. Scavenger experiments revealed that h+ (non-radical holes) and •O₂− were dominant in the BiVO₄ system, while •OH and 1O₂ were primary in the AC system. Liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry identified by-products, confirming decarboxylation and piperazine ring opening as the primary degradation mechanisms. The electrical energy per order of magnitude (EEO) of the Fe2+/H₂O₂/BiVO₄/Vis system was 210 kWh·m−3 in 30 min. Ecotoxicity tests indicated that the degradation products are less harmful to aquatic organisms. Kinetic analysis revealed that the degradation process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics (R2 = 0.93), while adsorption isotherms were best described by the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.97). Both systems maintained over 90 % efficiency through five consecutive treatment cycles, demonstrating good stability and offering an effective alternative for treating contaminated wastewater.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182625000591CiprofloxacinDegradationWastewaterCatalytic systemsRadicals
spellingShingle Sumita
Jibran Ali Ghumro
Sadou Barry
Cong Li
Xinyu Wei
Jieming Yuan
A comparative study on the degradation of ciprofloxacin in wastewater by iron-visible bismuth vanadate and iron-activated carbon systems: Mechanisms, efficiency, and ecotoxicity assessment
Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
Ciprofloxacin
Degradation
Wastewater
Catalytic systems
Radicals
title A comparative study on the degradation of ciprofloxacin in wastewater by iron-visible bismuth vanadate and iron-activated carbon systems: Mechanisms, efficiency, and ecotoxicity assessment
title_full A comparative study on the degradation of ciprofloxacin in wastewater by iron-visible bismuth vanadate and iron-activated carbon systems: Mechanisms, efficiency, and ecotoxicity assessment
title_fullStr A comparative study on the degradation of ciprofloxacin in wastewater by iron-visible bismuth vanadate and iron-activated carbon systems: Mechanisms, efficiency, and ecotoxicity assessment
title_full_unstemmed A comparative study on the degradation of ciprofloxacin in wastewater by iron-visible bismuth vanadate and iron-activated carbon systems: Mechanisms, efficiency, and ecotoxicity assessment
title_short A comparative study on the degradation of ciprofloxacin in wastewater by iron-visible bismuth vanadate and iron-activated carbon systems: Mechanisms, efficiency, and ecotoxicity assessment
title_sort comparative study on the degradation of ciprofloxacin in wastewater by iron visible bismuth vanadate and iron activated carbon systems mechanisms efficiency and ecotoxicity assessment
topic Ciprofloxacin
Degradation
Wastewater
Catalytic systems
Radicals
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590182625000591
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