Neutralizing activity against bovine H5N1 HPAIV (clade 2.3.4.4b) in human plasma after seasonal influenza vaccination
In 2024, a clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) emerged in dairy cattle in the United States and spread rapidly to over 1,000 herds across multiple states. At least 41 human infections have occurred through contact with infected cattle, though no fatalities have been r...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2528539 |
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| author | Lu Zhang Georg M. N. Behrens Amy Kempf Inga Nehlmeier Sabine Gärtner Anna-Sophie Moldenhauer Luise Graichen Christine Happle Michael Winkler Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka Stefan Pöhlmann Markus Hoffmann |
| author_facet | Lu Zhang Georg M. N. Behrens Amy Kempf Inga Nehlmeier Sabine Gärtner Anna-Sophie Moldenhauer Luise Graichen Christine Happle Michael Winkler Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka Stefan Pöhlmann Markus Hoffmann |
| author_sort | Lu Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In 2024, a clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) emerged in dairy cattle in the United States and spread rapidly to over 1,000 herds across multiple states. At least 41 human infections have occurred through contact with infected cattle, though no fatalities have been reported so far. This raises questions about whether the human innate immune system provides a barrier to bovine H5N1 HPAIV and whether seasonal influenza vaccines offer cross-protection. To address these questions, we used pseudoviruses bearing hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) from seasonal influenza A or various H5Ny HPAIV strains (from cattle, duck, and seal). Pseudoviruses bearing H5N1 HPAIV HA and NA entered a wide range of mammalian and avian cell lines, including multiple cell lines from the human respiratory tract, while entry into A549 human lung cells was reduced when IFITM proteins were expressed. Additionally, preincubation of pseudovirus particles bearing H5N1 HPAIV HA and NA with plasma from individuals vaccinated with seasonal influenza vaccines inhibited viral entry. Collectively, these results suggest that the human innate immune system imposes a barrier against bovine H5N1 HPAIV infection and that seasonal influenza vaccines can induce cross-neutralizing activity against bovine H5N1 HPAIV. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0b5e0472cf7f41f28d0a97642df2673e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2222-1751 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emerging Microbes and Infections |
| spelling | doaj-art-0b5e0472cf7f41f28d0a97642df2673e2025-08-20T02:47:13ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512025-12-0114110.1080/22221751.2025.2528539Neutralizing activity against bovine H5N1 HPAIV (clade 2.3.4.4b) in human plasma after seasonal influenza vaccinationLu Zhang0Georg M. N. Behrens1Amy Kempf2Inga Nehlmeier3Sabine Gärtner4Anna-Sophie Moldenhauer5Luise Graichen6Christine Happle7Michael Winkler8Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka9Stefan Pöhlmann10Markus Hoffmann11Infection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, GermanyInfection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, GermanyInfection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, GermanyInfection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, GermanyInfection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, GermanyInfection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, GermanyInfection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, GermanyDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, GermanyInfection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, GermanyInfection Biology Unit, German Primate Center – Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, GermanyIn 2024, a clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) emerged in dairy cattle in the United States and spread rapidly to over 1,000 herds across multiple states. At least 41 human infections have occurred through contact with infected cattle, though no fatalities have been reported so far. This raises questions about whether the human innate immune system provides a barrier to bovine H5N1 HPAIV and whether seasonal influenza vaccines offer cross-protection. To address these questions, we used pseudoviruses bearing hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) from seasonal influenza A or various H5Ny HPAIV strains (from cattle, duck, and seal). Pseudoviruses bearing H5N1 HPAIV HA and NA entered a wide range of mammalian and avian cell lines, including multiple cell lines from the human respiratory tract, while entry into A549 human lung cells was reduced when IFITM proteins were expressed. Additionally, preincubation of pseudovirus particles bearing H5N1 HPAIV HA and NA with plasma from individuals vaccinated with seasonal influenza vaccines inhibited viral entry. Collectively, these results suggest that the human innate immune system imposes a barrier against bovine H5N1 HPAIV infection and that seasonal influenza vaccines can induce cross-neutralizing activity against bovine H5N1 HPAIV.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2528539H5N1clade 2.3.4.4bbovineneutralizationseasonal influenza vaccination |
| spellingShingle | Lu Zhang Georg M. N. Behrens Amy Kempf Inga Nehlmeier Sabine Gärtner Anna-Sophie Moldenhauer Luise Graichen Christine Happle Michael Winkler Alexandra Dopfer-Jablonka Stefan Pöhlmann Markus Hoffmann Neutralizing activity against bovine H5N1 HPAIV (clade 2.3.4.4b) in human plasma after seasonal influenza vaccination Emerging Microbes and Infections H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b bovine neutralization seasonal influenza vaccination |
| title | Neutralizing activity against bovine H5N1 HPAIV (clade 2.3.4.4b) in human plasma after seasonal influenza vaccination |
| title_full | Neutralizing activity against bovine H5N1 HPAIV (clade 2.3.4.4b) in human plasma after seasonal influenza vaccination |
| title_fullStr | Neutralizing activity against bovine H5N1 HPAIV (clade 2.3.4.4b) in human plasma after seasonal influenza vaccination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neutralizing activity against bovine H5N1 HPAIV (clade 2.3.4.4b) in human plasma after seasonal influenza vaccination |
| title_short | Neutralizing activity against bovine H5N1 HPAIV (clade 2.3.4.4b) in human plasma after seasonal influenza vaccination |
| title_sort | neutralizing activity against bovine h5n1 hpaiv clade 2 3 4 4b in human plasma after seasonal influenza vaccination |
| topic | H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b bovine neutralization seasonal influenza vaccination |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2025.2528539 |
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