New Cation Sensors Based on Eugenol-Derived Azo Dyes

Eugenol-based azo dyes illustrate how bio-sourced compounds like eugenol can be transformed through synthetic processes into functional and colorful compounds. The main purpose of the present work was to develop new responsive colorimetric sensors for metal cations based on eugenol-derived azo compo...

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Main Authors: José R. A. Coelho, Ana Rita F. Pacheco, Diogo C. Domingues, Ana Rita O. Rodrigues, Akani A. Temitope, Paulo J. G. Coutinho, Maria José G. Fernandes, Elisabete M. S. Castanheira, M. Sameiro T. Gonçalves
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/13/2788
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author José R. A. Coelho
Ana Rita F. Pacheco
Diogo C. Domingues
Ana Rita O. Rodrigues
Akani A. Temitope
Paulo J. G. Coutinho
Maria José G. Fernandes
Elisabete M. S. Castanheira
M. Sameiro T. Gonçalves
author_facet José R. A. Coelho
Ana Rita F. Pacheco
Diogo C. Domingues
Ana Rita O. Rodrigues
Akani A. Temitope
Paulo J. G. Coutinho
Maria José G. Fernandes
Elisabete M. S. Castanheira
M. Sameiro T. Gonçalves
author_sort José R. A. Coelho
collection DOAJ
description Eugenol-based azo dyes illustrate how bio-sourced compounds like eugenol can be transformed through synthetic processes into functional and colorful compounds. The main purpose of the present work was to develop new responsive colorimetric sensors for metal cations based on eugenol-derived azo compounds. The incorporation of the azo group into the eugenol framework allows for strong electronic interactions with metal cations, leading to distinct color changes observable to the naked eye. These azo-eugenol dyes exhibit shifts in their UV-Vis absorption spectra upon complexation with metal cations such as copper (Cu<sup>2+</sup>) and lead (Pb<sup>2+</sup>), making them effective sensors for environmental and analytical applications. The eugenol-based azo dyes were subjected to photophysical studies to understand selectivity, response time, and stability in relation to metal cations, which will be a starting point for the monitoring of toxic metal contaminants in aqueous environments.
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series Molecules
spelling doaj-art-0b5c5f4dc497419c8ec95e5a107907332025-08-20T03:28:33ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-06-013013278810.3390/molecules30132788New Cation Sensors Based on Eugenol-Derived Azo DyesJosé R. A. Coelho0Ana Rita F. Pacheco1Diogo C. Domingues2Ana Rita O. Rodrigues3Akani A. Temitope4Paulo J. G. Coutinho5Maria José G. Fernandes6Elisabete M. S. Castanheira7M. Sameiro T. Gonçalves8Chemistry Centre of the University of Minho (CQ-UM), Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, PortugalPhysics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Department of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, PortugalChemistry Centre of the University of Minho (CQ-UM), Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, PortugalPhysics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Department of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, PortugalChemistry Centre of the University of Minho (CQ-UM), Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, PortugalPhysics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Department of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, PortugalChemistry Centre of the University of Minho (CQ-UM), Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, PortugalPhysics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Department of Physics, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, PortugalChemistry Centre of the University of Minho (CQ-UM), Department of Chemistry, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, PortugalEugenol-based azo dyes illustrate how bio-sourced compounds like eugenol can be transformed through synthetic processes into functional and colorful compounds. The main purpose of the present work was to develop new responsive colorimetric sensors for metal cations based on eugenol-derived azo compounds. The incorporation of the azo group into the eugenol framework allows for strong electronic interactions with metal cations, leading to distinct color changes observable to the naked eye. These azo-eugenol dyes exhibit shifts in their UV-Vis absorption spectra upon complexation with metal cations such as copper (Cu<sup>2+</sup>) and lead (Pb<sup>2+</sup>), making them effective sensors for environmental and analytical applications. The eugenol-based azo dyes were subjected to photophysical studies to understand selectivity, response time, and stability in relation to metal cations, which will be a starting point for the monitoring of toxic metal contaminants in aqueous environments.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/13/2788eugenolphenolic compoundsazo dyescation detectioncolorimetric sensors
spellingShingle José R. A. Coelho
Ana Rita F. Pacheco
Diogo C. Domingues
Ana Rita O. Rodrigues
Akani A. Temitope
Paulo J. G. Coutinho
Maria José G. Fernandes
Elisabete M. S. Castanheira
M. Sameiro T. Gonçalves
New Cation Sensors Based on Eugenol-Derived Azo Dyes
Molecules
eugenol
phenolic compounds
azo dyes
cation detection
colorimetric sensors
title New Cation Sensors Based on Eugenol-Derived Azo Dyes
title_full New Cation Sensors Based on Eugenol-Derived Azo Dyes
title_fullStr New Cation Sensors Based on Eugenol-Derived Azo Dyes
title_full_unstemmed New Cation Sensors Based on Eugenol-Derived Azo Dyes
title_short New Cation Sensors Based on Eugenol-Derived Azo Dyes
title_sort new cation sensors based on eugenol derived azo dyes
topic eugenol
phenolic compounds
azo dyes
cation detection
colorimetric sensors
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/13/2788
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