Global trends and inequalities in eye cancer burden: a comprehensive analysis based on the global burden of disease study

BackgroundEye cancer is a significant threat to vision and survival because of its location, diagnostic challenges, and aggressive nature. However, its global epidemiology, especially regarding differences across countries, age groups, and sex, is not well-studied.MethodsThis study analyzed data fro...

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Main Authors: Jianhao Bai, Zhongqi Wan, Yan Gao, Qing Peng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Medicine
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1638733/full
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author Jianhao Bai
Zhongqi Wan
Yan Gao
Qing Peng
author_facet Jianhao Bai
Zhongqi Wan
Yan Gao
Qing Peng
author_sort Jianhao Bai
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundEye cancer is a significant threat to vision and survival because of its location, diagnostic challenges, and aggressive nature. However, its global epidemiology, especially regarding differences across countries, age groups, and sex, is not well-studied.MethodsThis study analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to evaluate trends in eye cancer, focusing on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across 204 countries from 1990 to 2021. Age-standardized rates and estimated annual percentage changes were used to assess trends over time. Disparities were examined by sociodemographic index (SDI), sex, and age, with concentration and slope index analyses assessing development-and sex-related inequalities.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the global burden of eye cancer showed an overall increase in incidence and prevalence, with notable geographic and sociodemographic variations. Sociodemographic analysis revealed persistent inequalities, with higher detection-related prevalence and incidence in developed regions and greater mortality and disability in less developed areas. Age-specific prevalence demonstrated a rightward shift, with older populations, particularly those aged ≥65 years, carrying the largest burden. Sex disparities were also evident, as men generally exhibited higher incidence and prevalence rates, while women in low-SDI regions faced a disproportionate share of mortality and DALY burden.ConclusionThis study highlights significant global disparities in eye cancer, influenced by sociodemographic factors, sex, and age. Urgent investment in diagnostic infrastructure, equitable care, and sex-sensitive measures is essential to reduce preventable vision loss and cancer deaths.
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spelling doaj-art-0b5bc02ed3f24bc2b66c563a70d83bf02025-08-20T04:00:56ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Medicine2296-858X2025-08-011210.3389/fmed.2025.16387331638733Global trends and inequalities in eye cancer burden: a comprehensive analysis based on the global burden of disease studyJianhao Bai0Zhongqi Wan1Yan Gao2Qing Peng3Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanxi Eye Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaBackgroundEye cancer is a significant threat to vision and survival because of its location, diagnostic challenges, and aggressive nature. However, its global epidemiology, especially regarding differences across countries, age groups, and sex, is not well-studied.MethodsThis study analyzed data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 to evaluate trends in eye cancer, focusing on incidence, prevalence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across 204 countries from 1990 to 2021. Age-standardized rates and estimated annual percentage changes were used to assess trends over time. Disparities were examined by sociodemographic index (SDI), sex, and age, with concentration and slope index analyses assessing development-and sex-related inequalities.ResultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the global burden of eye cancer showed an overall increase in incidence and prevalence, with notable geographic and sociodemographic variations. Sociodemographic analysis revealed persistent inequalities, with higher detection-related prevalence and incidence in developed regions and greater mortality and disability in less developed areas. Age-specific prevalence demonstrated a rightward shift, with older populations, particularly those aged ≥65 years, carrying the largest burden. Sex disparities were also evident, as men generally exhibited higher incidence and prevalence rates, while women in low-SDI regions faced a disproportionate share of mortality and DALY burden.ConclusionThis study highlights significant global disparities in eye cancer, influenced by sociodemographic factors, sex, and age. Urgent investment in diagnostic infrastructure, equitable care, and sex-sensitive measures is essential to reduce preventable vision loss and cancer deaths.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1638733/fulleye cancerepidemiologyinequalityglobal burden of diseasedisability-adjusted life years
spellingShingle Jianhao Bai
Zhongqi Wan
Yan Gao
Qing Peng
Global trends and inequalities in eye cancer burden: a comprehensive analysis based on the global burden of disease study
Frontiers in Medicine
eye cancer
epidemiology
inequality
global burden of disease
disability-adjusted life years
title Global trends and inequalities in eye cancer burden: a comprehensive analysis based on the global burden of disease study
title_full Global trends and inequalities in eye cancer burden: a comprehensive analysis based on the global burden of disease study
title_fullStr Global trends and inequalities in eye cancer burden: a comprehensive analysis based on the global burden of disease study
title_full_unstemmed Global trends and inequalities in eye cancer burden: a comprehensive analysis based on the global burden of disease study
title_short Global trends and inequalities in eye cancer burden: a comprehensive analysis based on the global burden of disease study
title_sort global trends and inequalities in eye cancer burden a comprehensive analysis based on the global burden of disease study
topic eye cancer
epidemiology
inequality
global burden of disease
disability-adjusted life years
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2025.1638733/full
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