The Erosion Pattern and Hidden Momentum in Debris‐Flow Surges Revealed by Simple Hydraulic Jump Equations
Abstract The erosion‐deposition propagation of granular avalanches is prevalent and may increase their destructiveness. However, this process has rarely been reported for debris flows on gentle slopes, and the contribution of momentum hidden under the surge front to debris‐flow destructiveness is am...
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| Format: | Article |
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Wiley
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Water Resources Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR036090 |
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| author | Qian Chen Dongri Song Xiaoqing Chen Lei Feng Xiaoyu Li Wei Zhao Yaonan Zhang |
| author_facet | Qian Chen Dongri Song Xiaoqing Chen Lei Feng Xiaoyu Li Wei Zhao Yaonan Zhang |
| author_sort | Qian Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The erosion‐deposition propagation of granular avalanches is prevalent and may increase their destructiveness. However, this process has rarely been reported for debris flows on gentle slopes, and the contribution of momentum hidden under the surge front to debris‐flow destructiveness is ambiguous. Therefore, the momentum carried by the apparent surge front is often used to indicate debris‐flow destructiveness. In this study, the erosion‐deposition propagation is confirmed by surge‐depth hydrographs measured at the Jiangjia Ravine (Yunnan Province, China). Based on simple hydraulic jump equations, the eroded deposition depth of surge flow is quantified, and the erosion pattern can be divided into two patterns (shallow and deep erosion). For surge flows with erosion‐deposition propagation, significant downward erosion potential is confirmed, and debris‐flow surge erosion is considered the deep erosion. The total momentum carried by surge flow is further quantified by two Froude numbers (surge‐front and rearward Froude numbers) and verified through the field observation of surge flows. The total momentum of surge flow not only originates from the apparent surge front, but also includes the momentum within the eroded deposition layer. This study provides a theoretical approach for quantifying the upper limit of erosion depth and revealing the destructiveness of debris‐flow surges. A perspective on the importance of substrate deposition for debris‐flow erosion on gentle slopes is emphasized, as this approach can improve the reliability of debris‐flow risk assessment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0b57cb09455e403eb628cab331204676 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0043-1397 1944-7973 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Resources Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-0b57cb09455e403eb628cab3312046762025-08-23T13:05:51ZengWileyWater Resources Research0043-13971944-79732024-11-016011n/an/a10.1029/2023WR036090The Erosion Pattern and Hidden Momentum in Debris‐Flow Surges Revealed by Simple Hydraulic Jump EquationsQian Chen0Dongri Song1Xiaoqing Chen2Lei Feng3Xiaoyu Li4Wei Zhao5Yaonan Zhang6Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu ChinaInstitute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu ChinaInstitute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu ChinaInstitute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu ChinaInstitute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu ChinaInstitute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu ChinaNational Cryosphere Desert Data Center Lanzhou ChinaAbstract The erosion‐deposition propagation of granular avalanches is prevalent and may increase their destructiveness. However, this process has rarely been reported for debris flows on gentle slopes, and the contribution of momentum hidden under the surge front to debris‐flow destructiveness is ambiguous. Therefore, the momentum carried by the apparent surge front is often used to indicate debris‐flow destructiveness. In this study, the erosion‐deposition propagation is confirmed by surge‐depth hydrographs measured at the Jiangjia Ravine (Yunnan Province, China). Based on simple hydraulic jump equations, the eroded deposition depth of surge flow is quantified, and the erosion pattern can be divided into two patterns (shallow and deep erosion). For surge flows with erosion‐deposition propagation, significant downward erosion potential is confirmed, and debris‐flow surge erosion is considered the deep erosion. The total momentum carried by surge flow is further quantified by two Froude numbers (surge‐front and rearward Froude numbers) and verified through the field observation of surge flows. The total momentum of surge flow not only originates from the apparent surge front, but also includes the momentum within the eroded deposition layer. This study provides a theoretical approach for quantifying the upper limit of erosion depth and revealing the destructiveness of debris‐flow surges. A perspective on the importance of substrate deposition for debris‐flow erosion on gentle slopes is emphasized, as this approach can improve the reliability of debris‐flow risk assessment.https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR036090debris‐flow surgeserosion‐deposition processsurge‐flow momentumsurge‐flow erosion patternhydraulic jumpJiangjia Ravine debris flow |
| spellingShingle | Qian Chen Dongri Song Xiaoqing Chen Lei Feng Xiaoyu Li Wei Zhao Yaonan Zhang The Erosion Pattern and Hidden Momentum in Debris‐Flow Surges Revealed by Simple Hydraulic Jump Equations Water Resources Research debris‐flow surges erosion‐deposition process surge‐flow momentum surge‐flow erosion pattern hydraulic jump Jiangjia Ravine debris flow |
| title | The Erosion Pattern and Hidden Momentum in Debris‐Flow Surges Revealed by Simple Hydraulic Jump Equations |
| title_full | The Erosion Pattern and Hidden Momentum in Debris‐Flow Surges Revealed by Simple Hydraulic Jump Equations |
| title_fullStr | The Erosion Pattern and Hidden Momentum in Debris‐Flow Surges Revealed by Simple Hydraulic Jump Equations |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Erosion Pattern and Hidden Momentum in Debris‐Flow Surges Revealed by Simple Hydraulic Jump Equations |
| title_short | The Erosion Pattern and Hidden Momentum in Debris‐Flow Surges Revealed by Simple Hydraulic Jump Equations |
| title_sort | erosion pattern and hidden momentum in debris flow surges revealed by simple hydraulic jump equations |
| topic | debris‐flow surges erosion‐deposition process surge‐flow momentum surge‐flow erosion pattern hydraulic jump Jiangjia Ravine debris flow |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR036090 |
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