The effect of calcium hydroxide in combination with propolis extract on decreasing nerve growth factor and substance P expression in rat dental pulp neuron

Objective: Pain sensitivity was reflected in the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and substance P (SP), which we used in a rat tooth perforation model to assess the efficacy of Ca(OH)2 combined with propolis extract direct pulp capping agent. The model was used to investigate the synergistic...

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Main Authors: Ira Widjiastuti, Setyabudi, Grace Angelina Samuel, Khadijah Fauzi Basalamah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universidade Estadual Paulista 2024-04-01
Series:Brazilian Dental Science
Online Access:https://ojs.ict.unesp.br/index.php/cob/article/view/4023
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author Ira Widjiastuti
Setyabudi
Grace Angelina Samuel
Khadijah Fauzi Basalamah
author_facet Ira Widjiastuti
Setyabudi
Grace Angelina Samuel
Khadijah Fauzi Basalamah
author_sort Ira Widjiastuti
collection DOAJ
description Objective: Pain sensitivity was reflected in the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and substance P (SP), which we used in a rat tooth perforation model to assess the efficacy of Ca(OH)2 combined with propolis extract direct pulp capping agent. The model was used to investigate the synergistic effects of Ca(OH)2 and propolis extract. Material and Methods: This experimental study used 36 Wistar rat mandibular incisors randomly divided into three groups. The rats were euthanized after 12 and 24 h. Specimens underwent histological evaluation under a light microscope to identify the presence of neuron cells; an immunohistochemistry method using anti-NGF and anti-SP1 was used to evaluate the expression of NGF and SP. The results were then statistically evaluated by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honestly significant difference tests. Results: Significant differences were found in NGF expression between the Ca(OH)2 + propolis and control group (12h group p<0.001; 24h group p<0.001) and between Ca(OH)2 and the control group (12h group p=0.001; 24h group p<0.001). Significance differences in SP expression were also found between the Ca(OH)2 + propolis and Ca(OH)2 groups and between the Ca(OH)2 + propolis and control groups (12h group p<0.001; 24h group p<0.001). Conclusion: Ca(OH)2 combined with propolis extract as a direct pulp capping agent can inhibit dental pain response because the main active ingredients of propolis are caffeic acid phenethyl ester and flavonoids which can inhibit the release of prostaglandin, thereby inhibiting SP secretion, but not NGF expression. KEYWORDS Calcium hydroxide; Dental pulp capping; Nerve growth factor; Propolis; Substance P.
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spelling doaj-art-0b557ea45244465c8e71ef879e62a79c2025-08-22T14:49:19ZengUniversidade Estadual PaulistaBrazilian Dental Science2178-60112024-04-0127110.4322/bds.2024.e4023The effect of calcium hydroxide in combination with propolis extract on decreasing nerve growth factor and substance P expression in rat dental pulp neuronIra Widjiastuti0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5928-7005Setyabudi1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9554-7452Grace Angelina Samuel2https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9885-8685Khadijah Fauzi Basalamah3https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3772-3500Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Conservative Dentistry. Surabaya, Indonesia.Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Conservative Dentistry. Surabaya, Indonesia.Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Conservative Dentistry. Surabaya, Indonesia.Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Conservative Dentistry. Surabaya, Indonesia.Objective: Pain sensitivity was reflected in the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and substance P (SP), which we used in a rat tooth perforation model to assess the efficacy of Ca(OH)2 combined with propolis extract direct pulp capping agent. The model was used to investigate the synergistic effects of Ca(OH)2 and propolis extract. Material and Methods: This experimental study used 36 Wistar rat mandibular incisors randomly divided into three groups. The rats were euthanized after 12 and 24 h. Specimens underwent histological evaluation under a light microscope to identify the presence of neuron cells; an immunohistochemistry method using anti-NGF and anti-SP1 was used to evaluate the expression of NGF and SP. The results were then statistically evaluated by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honestly significant difference tests. Results: Significant differences were found in NGF expression between the Ca(OH)2 + propolis and control group (12h group p<0.001; 24h group p<0.001) and between Ca(OH)2 and the control group (12h group p=0.001; 24h group p<0.001). Significance differences in SP expression were also found between the Ca(OH)2 + propolis and Ca(OH)2 groups and between the Ca(OH)2 + propolis and control groups (12h group p<0.001; 24h group p<0.001). Conclusion: Ca(OH)2 combined with propolis extract as a direct pulp capping agent can inhibit dental pain response because the main active ingredients of propolis are caffeic acid phenethyl ester and flavonoids which can inhibit the release of prostaglandin, thereby inhibiting SP secretion, but not NGF expression. KEYWORDS Calcium hydroxide; Dental pulp capping; Nerve growth factor; Propolis; Substance P. https://ojs.ict.unesp.br/index.php/cob/article/view/4023
spellingShingle Ira Widjiastuti
Setyabudi
Grace Angelina Samuel
Khadijah Fauzi Basalamah
The effect of calcium hydroxide in combination with propolis extract on decreasing nerve growth factor and substance P expression in rat dental pulp neuron
Brazilian Dental Science
title The effect of calcium hydroxide in combination with propolis extract on decreasing nerve growth factor and substance P expression in rat dental pulp neuron
title_full The effect of calcium hydroxide in combination with propolis extract on decreasing nerve growth factor and substance P expression in rat dental pulp neuron
title_fullStr The effect of calcium hydroxide in combination with propolis extract on decreasing nerve growth factor and substance P expression in rat dental pulp neuron
title_full_unstemmed The effect of calcium hydroxide in combination with propolis extract on decreasing nerve growth factor and substance P expression in rat dental pulp neuron
title_short The effect of calcium hydroxide in combination with propolis extract on decreasing nerve growth factor and substance P expression in rat dental pulp neuron
title_sort effect of calcium hydroxide in combination with propolis extract on decreasing nerve growth factor and substance p expression in rat dental pulp neuron
url https://ojs.ict.unesp.br/index.php/cob/article/view/4023
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