Using the alternative model of personality disorders for DSM-5 traits to identify personality types, and the relationship with disordered eating, depression, anxiety and stress
Abstract Background There is a substantial and growing evidence base that has identified three distinct personality types (Overcontrol, Undercontrol and Resilient) among samples of individuals with eating disorders, as well as non-clinical samples. Even in studies where up to six personality types h...
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BMC
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Eating Disorders |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-025-01204-2 |
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| author | Tanya Gilmartin Caroline Gurvich Joanna F. Dipnall Gemma Sharp |
| author_facet | Tanya Gilmartin Caroline Gurvich Joanna F. Dipnall Gemma Sharp |
| author_sort | Tanya Gilmartin |
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| description | Abstract Background There is a substantial and growing evidence base that has identified three distinct personality types (Overcontrol, Undercontrol and Resilient) among samples of individuals with eating disorders, as well as non-clinical samples. Even in studies where up to six personality types have been identified, the three core types representing Overcontrol, Undercontrol and Resilient consistently emerge. The aim of the research was to explore whether latent Overcontrol and Undercontrol personality types could be identified using pathological personality types as part of the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders published in DSM-5. We further aimed to understand how these personality types were associated with eating pathology, depressed mood and anxiety. Methods A total of 391 women, 167 men and 10 gender-diverse individuals aged 16 to 31 years completed measures of the alternative model of personality disorder traits, disordered eating behaviours, eating pathology, depression, anxiety and stress. A systematic four-step process using hierarchical, k-means, and random forest cluster analyses were used to identify the best fitting cluster solution in the data. Results The results revealed a four-cluster solution that represented overcontrol, undercontrol, resilient and an antisocial/psychoticism cluster. The overcontrol, undercontrol, and antisocial/psychoticism types were all associated with increased disordered eating, eating pathology, depression, anxiety and stress compared to the resilient types, with the undercontrol cluster scoring significantly higher than the other three clusters on all measures of clinical pathology. Conclusions Pathological personality traits, as conceptualised within the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders may have merit for identifying overcontrol and undercontrol personality types. Our findings provide additional evidence that both overcontrol and undercontrol personality types are associated with increased eating pathology, depression, anxiety and stress. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-0b321a2b33ec4974a3247689dc45b999 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2050-2974 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Eating Disorders |
| spelling | doaj-art-0b321a2b33ec4974a3247689dc45b9992025-02-09T12:04:04ZengBMCJournal of Eating Disorders2050-29742025-02-0113111310.1186/s40337-025-01204-2Using the alternative model of personality disorders for DSM-5 traits to identify personality types, and the relationship with disordered eating, depression, anxiety and stressTanya Gilmartin0Caroline Gurvich1Joanna F. Dipnall2Gemma Sharp3Department of Neuroscience, Monash University and the Alfred HospitalMonash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Monash University and The Alfred HospitalSchool of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash UniversityDepartment of Neuroscience, Monash University and the Alfred HospitalAbstract Background There is a substantial and growing evidence base that has identified three distinct personality types (Overcontrol, Undercontrol and Resilient) among samples of individuals with eating disorders, as well as non-clinical samples. Even in studies where up to six personality types have been identified, the three core types representing Overcontrol, Undercontrol and Resilient consistently emerge. The aim of the research was to explore whether latent Overcontrol and Undercontrol personality types could be identified using pathological personality types as part of the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders published in DSM-5. We further aimed to understand how these personality types were associated with eating pathology, depressed mood and anxiety. Methods A total of 391 women, 167 men and 10 gender-diverse individuals aged 16 to 31 years completed measures of the alternative model of personality disorder traits, disordered eating behaviours, eating pathology, depression, anxiety and stress. A systematic four-step process using hierarchical, k-means, and random forest cluster analyses were used to identify the best fitting cluster solution in the data. Results The results revealed a four-cluster solution that represented overcontrol, undercontrol, resilient and an antisocial/psychoticism cluster. The overcontrol, undercontrol, and antisocial/psychoticism types were all associated with increased disordered eating, eating pathology, depression, anxiety and stress compared to the resilient types, with the undercontrol cluster scoring significantly higher than the other three clusters on all measures of clinical pathology. Conclusions Pathological personality traits, as conceptualised within the DSM-5 alternative model of personality disorders may have merit for identifying overcontrol and undercontrol personality types. Our findings provide additional evidence that both overcontrol and undercontrol personality types are associated with increased eating pathology, depression, anxiety and stress.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-025-01204-2Eating disordersDisordered eatingPersonality typesOvercontrolUndercontrolPID-5 |
| spellingShingle | Tanya Gilmartin Caroline Gurvich Joanna F. Dipnall Gemma Sharp Using the alternative model of personality disorders for DSM-5 traits to identify personality types, and the relationship with disordered eating, depression, anxiety and stress Journal of Eating Disorders Eating disorders Disordered eating Personality types Overcontrol Undercontrol PID-5 |
| title | Using the alternative model of personality disorders for DSM-5 traits to identify personality types, and the relationship with disordered eating, depression, anxiety and stress |
| title_full | Using the alternative model of personality disorders for DSM-5 traits to identify personality types, and the relationship with disordered eating, depression, anxiety and stress |
| title_fullStr | Using the alternative model of personality disorders for DSM-5 traits to identify personality types, and the relationship with disordered eating, depression, anxiety and stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Using the alternative model of personality disorders for DSM-5 traits to identify personality types, and the relationship with disordered eating, depression, anxiety and stress |
| title_short | Using the alternative model of personality disorders for DSM-5 traits to identify personality types, and the relationship with disordered eating, depression, anxiety and stress |
| title_sort | using the alternative model of personality disorders for dsm 5 traits to identify personality types and the relationship with disordered eating depression anxiety and stress |
| topic | Eating disorders Disordered eating Personality types Overcontrol Undercontrol PID-5 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-025-01204-2 |
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