Emergence of swine influenza A virus, porcine respirovirus 1 and swine orthopneumovirus in porcine respiratory disease in Germany

Respiratory disease is a significant economic issue in pig farming, with a complex aetiology that includes swine influenza A viruses (swIAV), which are common in European domestic pig populations. The most recent human influenza pandemic in 2009 showed swIAV’s zoonotic potential. Monitoring pathogen...

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Main Authors: Annika Graaf-Rau, Christin Hennig, Kathrin Lillie-Jaschniski, Monika Koechling, Julia Stadler, Jan Boehmer, Ulrike Ripp, Anne Pohlmann, Bernd-Andreas Schwarz, Martin Beer, Timm Harder
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2023-12-01
Series:Emerging Microbes and Infections
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2239938
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author Annika Graaf-Rau
Christin Hennig
Kathrin Lillie-Jaschniski
Monika Koechling
Julia Stadler
Jan Boehmer
Ulrike Ripp
Anne Pohlmann
Bernd-Andreas Schwarz
Martin Beer
Timm Harder
author_facet Annika Graaf-Rau
Christin Hennig
Kathrin Lillie-Jaschniski
Monika Koechling
Julia Stadler
Jan Boehmer
Ulrike Ripp
Anne Pohlmann
Bernd-Andreas Schwarz
Martin Beer
Timm Harder
author_sort Annika Graaf-Rau
collection DOAJ
description Respiratory disease is a significant economic issue in pig farming, with a complex aetiology that includes swine influenza A viruses (swIAV), which are common in European domestic pig populations. The most recent human influenza pandemic in 2009 showed swIAV’s zoonotic potential. Monitoring pathogens and disease control are critical from a preventive standpoint, and are based on quick, sensitive, and specific diagnostic assays capable of detecting and distinguishing currently circulating swIAV in clinical samples. For passive surveillance, a set of multiplex quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCRs (mRT-qPCR) and MinION-directed sequencing was updated and deployed. Several lineages and genotypes of swIAV were shown to be dynamically developing, including novel reassortants between human pandemic H1N1 and the avian-derived H1 lineage of swIAV. Despite this, nearly 70% (842/1216) of individual samples from pigs with respiratory symptoms were swIAV-negative, hinting to different aetiologies. The complex and synergistic interactions of swIAV infections with other viral and bacterial infectious agents contribute to the aggravation of pig respiratory diseases. Using a newly developed mRT-qPCR for the combined detection of swIAV and the recently described porcine respirovirus 1 (PRV1) and swine orthopneumovirus (SOV) widespread co-circulation of PRV1 (19.6%, 238/1216 samples) and SOV (14.2%, 173/1216 samples) was evident. Because of the high incidence of PRV1 and SOV infections in pigs with respiratory disease, these viruses may emerge as new allies in the porcine respiratory disease syndrome.
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spelling doaj-art-0b3075fd7a2c4df78a9bfe30b8e6d69b2025-08-20T03:31:12ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512023-12-0112210.1080/22221751.2023.2239938Emergence of swine influenza A virus, porcine respirovirus 1 and swine orthopneumovirus in porcine respiratory disease in GermanyAnnika Graaf-Rau0Christin Hennig1Kathrin Lillie-Jaschniski2Monika Koechling3Julia Stadler4Jan Boehmer5Ulrike Ripp6Anne Pohlmann7Bernd-Andreas Schwarz8Martin Beer9Timm Harder10Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyInstitute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyCeva Santé Animale, Duesseldorf, GermanyCeva Santé Animale, Duesseldorf, GermanyClinic for Swine at the Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Oberschleissheim, GermanyIVD Society for Innovative Veterinary Diagnostics mbH, Seelze-Letter, GermanyVaxxinova diagnostics GmbH, Leipzig, GermanyInstitute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyVaxxinova diagnostics GmbH, Leipzig, GermanyInstitute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyInstitute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, GermanyRespiratory disease is a significant economic issue in pig farming, with a complex aetiology that includes swine influenza A viruses (swIAV), which are common in European domestic pig populations. The most recent human influenza pandemic in 2009 showed swIAV’s zoonotic potential. Monitoring pathogens and disease control are critical from a preventive standpoint, and are based on quick, sensitive, and specific diagnostic assays capable of detecting and distinguishing currently circulating swIAV in clinical samples. For passive surveillance, a set of multiplex quantitative reverse transcription real-time PCRs (mRT-qPCR) and MinION-directed sequencing was updated and deployed. Several lineages and genotypes of swIAV were shown to be dynamically developing, including novel reassortants between human pandemic H1N1 and the avian-derived H1 lineage of swIAV. Despite this, nearly 70% (842/1216) of individual samples from pigs with respiratory symptoms were swIAV-negative, hinting to different aetiologies. The complex and synergistic interactions of swIAV infections with other viral and bacterial infectious agents contribute to the aggravation of pig respiratory diseases. Using a newly developed mRT-qPCR for the combined detection of swIAV and the recently described porcine respirovirus 1 (PRV1) and swine orthopneumovirus (SOV) widespread co-circulation of PRV1 (19.6%, 238/1216 samples) and SOV (14.2%, 173/1216 samples) was evident. Because of the high incidence of PRV1 and SOV infections in pigs with respiratory disease, these viruses may emerge as new allies in the porcine respiratory disease syndrome.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2239938Swine influenza A viruszoonosisporcine respirovirus 1swine orthopneumovirusemerging virusessurveillance
spellingShingle Annika Graaf-Rau
Christin Hennig
Kathrin Lillie-Jaschniski
Monika Koechling
Julia Stadler
Jan Boehmer
Ulrike Ripp
Anne Pohlmann
Bernd-Andreas Schwarz
Martin Beer
Timm Harder
Emergence of swine influenza A virus, porcine respirovirus 1 and swine orthopneumovirus in porcine respiratory disease in Germany
Emerging Microbes and Infections
Swine influenza A virus
zoonosis
porcine respirovirus 1
swine orthopneumovirus
emerging viruses
surveillance
title Emergence of swine influenza A virus, porcine respirovirus 1 and swine orthopneumovirus in porcine respiratory disease in Germany
title_full Emergence of swine influenza A virus, porcine respirovirus 1 and swine orthopneumovirus in porcine respiratory disease in Germany
title_fullStr Emergence of swine influenza A virus, porcine respirovirus 1 and swine orthopneumovirus in porcine respiratory disease in Germany
title_full_unstemmed Emergence of swine influenza A virus, porcine respirovirus 1 and swine orthopneumovirus in porcine respiratory disease in Germany
title_short Emergence of swine influenza A virus, porcine respirovirus 1 and swine orthopneumovirus in porcine respiratory disease in Germany
title_sort emergence of swine influenza a virus porcine respirovirus 1 and swine orthopneumovirus in porcine respiratory disease in germany
topic Swine influenza A virus
zoonosis
porcine respirovirus 1
swine orthopneumovirus
emerging viruses
surveillance
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2239938
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