Possible Coexistence of Traumatic Cerebral Microbleeds and Axonal Injury? Postmortem Immunohistochemical Analysis

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a common type of traumatic brain injury, whose detection remains a significant clinical challenge. Recent studies suggest that traumatic cerebral microbleeds (TCMs) may serve as indirect indicators of axonal injury. Given the similar mechanisms underlying the formation...

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Main Authors: Dalibor Nedić, Vladimir Pilija, Boris Pejić
Format: Article
Language:Arabic
Published: Naif University Publishing House 2025-06-01
Series:Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine
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Online Access:https://journals.nauss.edu.sa/index.php/AJFSFM/article/view/3248
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author Dalibor Nedić
Vladimir Pilija
Boris Pejić
author_facet Dalibor Nedić
Vladimir Pilija
Boris Pejić
author_sort Dalibor Nedić
collection DOAJ
description Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a common type of traumatic brain injury, whose detection remains a significant clinical challenge. Recent studies suggest that traumatic cerebral microbleeds (TCMs) may serve as indirect indicators of axonal injury. Given the similar mechanisms underlying the formation of axonal injury and cerebral microbleeds, the aim of this study is to investigate the potential association between these two types of cerebral trauma. In the total sample of 36 brains, axonal injury was detected in 32 cases (88.9%), identical to the incidence of traumatic cerebral microbleeds. βAPP immunopositivity was relatively evenly distributed across the examined brain regions, with slightly stronger expression in the posterior brain regions and the highest frequency of intense immunopositivity in the pons, albeit without statistical significance. The χ2 test, along with the Spearman correlation test, indicates an association between traumatic microbleeds in the genu of the corpus callosum and βAPP immunopositivity in all four observed brain regions, with the strongest correlation observed in the genu of the corpus callosum (p=0.011). βAPP immunohistochemical staining revealed a relatively uniform distribution of axonal injury and microhemorrhages throughout the examined mid-sagittal brain structures. A slightly stronger βAPP expression was detected in the pons, though without statistical significance. The observed positive correlation between traumatic cerebral microbleeds and axonal injury in the anterior aspects of the corpus callosum aligns with current assumptions that the mid-sagittal brain regions are critical for the relationship between these two types of cerebral lesions
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series Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine
spelling doaj-art-0b21fe460f5242679bbdff42e132639f2025-08-20T03:44:32ZaraNaif University Publishing HouseArab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine1658-67861658-67942025-06-0171718010.26735/TWOF84502952Possible Coexistence of Traumatic Cerebral Microbleeds and Axonal Injury? Postmortem Immunohistochemical AnalysisDalibor Nedić0Vladimir Pilija1Boris Pejić2Department of Forensic Medicine,University of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, Bosnia and HerzegovinaCenter of Forensic Medicine, Toxicology and Molecular Genetics, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, SerbiaDepartment of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine in Foča, Foča, Bosnia and HerzegovinaDiffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a common type of traumatic brain injury, whose detection remains a significant clinical challenge. Recent studies suggest that traumatic cerebral microbleeds (TCMs) may serve as indirect indicators of axonal injury. Given the similar mechanisms underlying the formation of axonal injury and cerebral microbleeds, the aim of this study is to investigate the potential association between these two types of cerebral trauma. In the total sample of 36 brains, axonal injury was detected in 32 cases (88.9%), identical to the incidence of traumatic cerebral microbleeds. βAPP immunopositivity was relatively evenly distributed across the examined brain regions, with slightly stronger expression in the posterior brain regions and the highest frequency of intense immunopositivity in the pons, albeit without statistical significance. The χ2 test, along with the Spearman correlation test, indicates an association between traumatic microbleeds in the genu of the corpus callosum and βAPP immunopositivity in all four observed brain regions, with the strongest correlation observed in the genu of the corpus callosum (p=0.011). βAPP immunohistochemical staining revealed a relatively uniform distribution of axonal injury and microhemorrhages throughout the examined mid-sagittal brain structures. A slightly stronger βAPP expression was detected in the pons, though without statistical significance. The observed positive correlation between traumatic cerebral microbleeds and axonal injury in the anterior aspects of the corpus callosum aligns with current assumptions that the mid-sagittal brain regions are critical for the relationship between these two types of cerebral lesionshttps://journals.nauss.edu.sa/index.php/AJFSFM/article/view/3248forensic sciencescraniocerebral traumadiffuse axonal injurytraumatic cerebral microbleedsamyloid beta-peptide
spellingShingle Dalibor Nedić
Vladimir Pilija
Boris Pejić
Possible Coexistence of Traumatic Cerebral Microbleeds and Axonal Injury? Postmortem Immunohistochemical Analysis
Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences & Forensic Medicine
forensic sciences
craniocerebral trauma
diffuse axonal injury
traumatic cerebral microbleeds
amyloid beta-peptide
title Possible Coexistence of Traumatic Cerebral Microbleeds and Axonal Injury? Postmortem Immunohistochemical Analysis
title_full Possible Coexistence of Traumatic Cerebral Microbleeds and Axonal Injury? Postmortem Immunohistochemical Analysis
title_fullStr Possible Coexistence of Traumatic Cerebral Microbleeds and Axonal Injury? Postmortem Immunohistochemical Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Possible Coexistence of Traumatic Cerebral Microbleeds and Axonal Injury? Postmortem Immunohistochemical Analysis
title_short Possible Coexistence of Traumatic Cerebral Microbleeds and Axonal Injury? Postmortem Immunohistochemical Analysis
title_sort possible coexistence of traumatic cerebral microbleeds and axonal injury postmortem immunohistochemical analysis
topic forensic sciences
craniocerebral trauma
diffuse axonal injury
traumatic cerebral microbleeds
amyloid beta-peptide
url https://journals.nauss.edu.sa/index.php/AJFSFM/article/view/3248
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AT borispejic possiblecoexistenceoftraumaticcerebralmicrobleedsandaxonalinjurypostmortemimmunohistochemicalanalysis