AI-driven MRI analysis reveals brain atrophy patterns in benign relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis

BackgroundThe existence and definition of benign multiple sclerosis (MS) remain controversial, particularly given the discrepancy between clinical presentation and underlying imaging changes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the brain atrophy patterns related to benign relapsing-remitting MS (...

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Main Authors: M. Niiranen, P. Bendel, J. Koikkalainen, J. Lötjönen, T. Selander, E. Solje, P. Hartikainen, S. Simula, R. Vanninen, A. M. Portaankorva
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Neurology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1570566/full
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author M. Niiranen
M. Niiranen
P. Bendel
P. Bendel
J. Koikkalainen
J. Lötjönen
T. Selander
E. Solje
E. Solje
P. Hartikainen
S. Simula
R. Vanninen
R. Vanninen
A. M. Portaankorva
author_facet M. Niiranen
M. Niiranen
P. Bendel
P. Bendel
J. Koikkalainen
J. Lötjönen
T. Selander
E. Solje
E. Solje
P. Hartikainen
S. Simula
R. Vanninen
R. Vanninen
A. M. Portaankorva
author_sort M. Niiranen
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundThe existence and definition of benign multiple sclerosis (MS) remain controversial, particularly given the discrepancy between clinical presentation and underlying imaging changes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the brain atrophy patterns related to benign relapsing-remitting MS (BRRMS), particularly regarding location and extent.MethodsWe analyzed global and regional gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes, WM lesion load, corpus callosum index (CCI) and corpus callosum area (CCA) in well-defined benign relapsing-remitting MS patients (BRRMS, n = 35) compared to healthy controls (HC, n = 35). Imaging data were analyzed using an AI-based volumetric analysis MRI (cNeuro®) and confirmed visually by an experienced neuroradiologist, ensuring robust validation.ResultsTotal brain tissue volume was significantly smaller in patients with BRRMS compared to HC (p < 0.001), but the cortical (p = 0.011) and cerebral (p = 0.002) GM volumes, as well as cingulate gyrus (p=0.032) and entorhinal area volumes (p < 0.001), were larger in BRRMS. GM volumes in the postcentral gyrus (p = 0.001), precentral gyrus (p < 0.001), the medial segment of the precentral gyrus (p < 0.001), supplementary motor cortex (p < 0.001) and thalamus (p < 0.001) were reduced in BRRMS compared to HC. Furthermore, both CCI and CCA were significantly smaller in BRRMS (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsDespite the overall reduced brain volume compared to HC, distinct cortical regions, especially within the limbic system (i.e., cingulate gyrus and entorhinal area) GM may be relatively well preserved, indicating a possible compensatory volume increase. Based on this study, the corpus callosum is a crucial structure in monitoring disease progression in BRRMS.
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spelling doaj-art-0b1ce7e3a0da41628dd3e4cf7a3565ed2025-08-20T03:48:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952025-05-011610.3389/fneur.2025.15705661570566AI-driven MRI analysis reveals brain atrophy patterns in benign relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosisM. Niiranen0M. Niiranen1P. Bendel2P. Bendel3J. Koikkalainen4J. Lötjönen5T. Selander6E. Solje7E. Solje8P. Hartikainen9S. Simula10R. Vanninen11R. Vanninen12A. M. Portaankorva13Department of Neurology, Neuro Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, FinlandDepartment of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FinlandDepartment of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FinlandDepartment of Radiology, Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, FinlandCombinostics Ltd., Tampere, FinlandCombinostics Ltd., Tampere, FinlandScience Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, FinlandDepartment of Neurology, Neuro Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, FinlandDepartment of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FinlandDepartment of Neurology, Neuro Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, FinlandDepartment of Neurology, Mikkeli Central Hospital, Mikkeli, FinlandDepartment of Radiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FinlandDepartment of Radiology, Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, FinlandClinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FinlandBackgroundThe existence and definition of benign multiple sclerosis (MS) remain controversial, particularly given the discrepancy between clinical presentation and underlying imaging changes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the brain atrophy patterns related to benign relapsing-remitting MS (BRRMS), particularly regarding location and extent.MethodsWe analyzed global and regional gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes, WM lesion load, corpus callosum index (CCI) and corpus callosum area (CCA) in well-defined benign relapsing-remitting MS patients (BRRMS, n = 35) compared to healthy controls (HC, n = 35). Imaging data were analyzed using an AI-based volumetric analysis MRI (cNeuro®) and confirmed visually by an experienced neuroradiologist, ensuring robust validation.ResultsTotal brain tissue volume was significantly smaller in patients with BRRMS compared to HC (p < 0.001), but the cortical (p = 0.011) and cerebral (p = 0.002) GM volumes, as well as cingulate gyrus (p=0.032) and entorhinal area volumes (p < 0.001), were larger in BRRMS. GM volumes in the postcentral gyrus (p = 0.001), precentral gyrus (p < 0.001), the medial segment of the precentral gyrus (p < 0.001), supplementary motor cortex (p < 0.001) and thalamus (p < 0.001) were reduced in BRRMS compared to HC. Furthermore, both CCI and CCA were significantly smaller in BRRMS (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsDespite the overall reduced brain volume compared to HC, distinct cortical regions, especially within the limbic system (i.e., cingulate gyrus and entorhinal area) GM may be relatively well preserved, indicating a possible compensatory volume increase. Based on this study, the corpus callosum is a crucial structure in monitoring disease progression in BRRMS.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1570566/fullcorpus callosum indexbrain atrophyMRIbenign multiple sclerosisbrain volumetry
spellingShingle M. Niiranen
M. Niiranen
P. Bendel
P. Bendel
J. Koikkalainen
J. Lötjönen
T. Selander
E. Solje
E. Solje
P. Hartikainen
S. Simula
R. Vanninen
R. Vanninen
A. M. Portaankorva
AI-driven MRI analysis reveals brain atrophy patterns in benign relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Frontiers in Neurology
corpus callosum index
brain atrophy
MRI
benign multiple sclerosis
brain volumetry
title AI-driven MRI analysis reveals brain atrophy patterns in benign relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
title_full AI-driven MRI analysis reveals brain atrophy patterns in benign relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
title_fullStr AI-driven MRI analysis reveals brain atrophy patterns in benign relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
title_full_unstemmed AI-driven MRI analysis reveals brain atrophy patterns in benign relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
title_short AI-driven MRI analysis reveals brain atrophy patterns in benign relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
title_sort ai driven mri analysis reveals brain atrophy patterns in benign relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
topic corpus callosum index
brain atrophy
MRI
benign multiple sclerosis
brain volumetry
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1570566/full
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