Sarcopenic Obesity and Endocrinal Adaptation with Age

In normal aging, changes in the body composition occur that result in a shift toward decreased muscle mass and increased fat mass. The loss of muscle mass that occurs with aging is termed sarcopenia and is an important cause of frailty, disability, and loss of independence in older adults. Age-relat...

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Main Authors: Kunihiro Sakuma, Akihiko Yamaguchi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2013-01-01
Series:International Journal of Endocrinology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/204164
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author Kunihiro Sakuma
Akihiko Yamaguchi
author_facet Kunihiro Sakuma
Akihiko Yamaguchi
author_sort Kunihiro Sakuma
collection DOAJ
description In normal aging, changes in the body composition occur that result in a shift toward decreased muscle mass and increased fat mass. The loss of muscle mass that occurs with aging is termed sarcopenia and is an important cause of frailty, disability, and loss of independence in older adults. Age-related changes in the body composition as well as the increased prevalence of obesity determine a combination of excess weight and reduced muscle mass or strength, recently defined as sarcopenic obesity. Weight gain increases total/abdominal fat, which, in turn, elicits inflammation and fatty infiltration in muscle. Sarcopenic obesity appears to be linked with the upregulation of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, leptin, and myostatin and the downregulation of adiponectin and IL-15. Multiple combined exercise and mild caloric restriction markedly attenuate the symptoms of sarcopenic obesity. Intriguingly, the inhibition of myostatin induced by gene manipulation or neutralizing antibody ameliorates sarcopenic obesity via increased skeletal muscle mass and improved glucose homeostasis. In this review, we describe the possible influence of endocrinal changes with age on sarcopenic obesity.
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spelling doaj-art-0b15a76318b24e4891ce940c0b67fdbd2025-08-20T03:54:28ZengWileyInternational Journal of Endocrinology1687-83371687-83452013-01-01201310.1155/2013/204164204164Sarcopenic Obesity and Endocrinal Adaptation with AgeKunihiro Sakuma0Akihiko Yamaguchi1Research Center for Physical Fitness, Sports and Health, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tenpaku-cho, Toyohashi 441-8580, JapanSchool of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, JapanIn normal aging, changes in the body composition occur that result in a shift toward decreased muscle mass and increased fat mass. The loss of muscle mass that occurs with aging is termed sarcopenia and is an important cause of frailty, disability, and loss of independence in older adults. Age-related changes in the body composition as well as the increased prevalence of obesity determine a combination of excess weight and reduced muscle mass or strength, recently defined as sarcopenic obesity. Weight gain increases total/abdominal fat, which, in turn, elicits inflammation and fatty infiltration in muscle. Sarcopenic obesity appears to be linked with the upregulation of TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, leptin, and myostatin and the downregulation of adiponectin and IL-15. Multiple combined exercise and mild caloric restriction markedly attenuate the symptoms of sarcopenic obesity. Intriguingly, the inhibition of myostatin induced by gene manipulation or neutralizing antibody ameliorates sarcopenic obesity via increased skeletal muscle mass and improved glucose homeostasis. In this review, we describe the possible influence of endocrinal changes with age on sarcopenic obesity.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/204164
spellingShingle Kunihiro Sakuma
Akihiko Yamaguchi
Sarcopenic Obesity and Endocrinal Adaptation with Age
International Journal of Endocrinology
title Sarcopenic Obesity and Endocrinal Adaptation with Age
title_full Sarcopenic Obesity and Endocrinal Adaptation with Age
title_fullStr Sarcopenic Obesity and Endocrinal Adaptation with Age
title_full_unstemmed Sarcopenic Obesity and Endocrinal Adaptation with Age
title_short Sarcopenic Obesity and Endocrinal Adaptation with Age
title_sort sarcopenic obesity and endocrinal adaptation with age
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/204164
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